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YoLinux Tutorial - Software Development on Linux
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This tutorial covers the tools available for programming languages supported by Linux.
JAVA programmers, also see the
YoLinux JAVA on Linux tutorial
.
C++ programmers, also see:
YoLinux C++ on Linux tutorial
.
Contents:
Related YoLinux Tutorials:
°
C++ Info, links
°
C++ String Class
°
C++ STL vector, list
°
Emacs and C/C++
°
Advanced VI
°
CGI in C++
°
Clearcase Commands
°
MS/Visual C++ Practices
°
C++ Memory corruption and leaks
°
YoLinux Tutorials Index
Compilers:
Open Source:
C, C++ and FORTRAN come with most distributions.
LanguageInfo
C/C++/FORTRAN
gcc/egcs/cc man page
- integrated GNU C, C++ and FORTRAN compilers (different parsers)
c++ man page
g++ man page
g77 man page
Note: the current and newer branch of the gcc compiler is known as the egcs or "enhanced" GNU compiler
kgccKernel C compiler. This is a Red Hat hack to get the kernel to compile. The future plan is to eliminate this.
Goof gcc
Pentium Compiler Group
. GCC optimized for Pentium.
StackGuard gcc
StackGuard
is a compiler which generates "hardened" executables which can survive
"stack smashing" attacks. StackGuard is an enhancement to GCC, and is
distributed under GPL.
SGI C,C++,FORTRAN/IA-64
SGI compiler for Intel IA-64 64 bit platform
Java/usr/bin/jikes [
jikes man page
] - java source to bytecode compiler.
gcj - GNU JAVA compiler.
(Part of complete Red Hat install. This creates native executable.
See intro
.)
Pascal
Free Pascal Home page, documentation and download
Cobol
TinyCobol Home Page
LISP
CLISP interpreter, compiler and debugger
CMU Common Lisp
octave
GNU Octave
- An interactive language for numerical computation.
ADA
GNAT
- public version
GNAT/Linux
Scheme
MIT Scheme
C#
Ximian: MONO
(Not ready yet)
C#
The DotGNU project
(Not ready yet)
M/Mumps
Mumps compiler
- Basic like syntax with tree structured database.
HBasic
HBasic
- Similar to Visual Basic. Uses QT for GUI.
Cross Compiling:
Commercial Compilers:
LanguageWWWDescription
Ada
Ada Core Technologies
Ada 95 GNAT open source compiler and GUI tools. (gcc backend)
Ada
Green Hills Software
AdaMULTI 2000, ADA 95 IDE
Ada
Aonix Software
Ada 95/83, ObjectAda
Ada
Rational Software: Apex
Ada 95/83 development
C
Compaq C
True 64 Compiler ported to Linux for Alpha chip.
C++
Intel/KAI
ISO standard C++ compiler and tools
C++
KAI (Kuck and Associates): Guide
OpenMP C/ C++ compiler for SMP multiprocessor systems. Has OpenSMP directives for dynamic balancing and dynamic threading
C++
Fujitsu C/C++ Empress
Optimized ANSI, K and R, ISO/IEC and ATandT standard C++ compiler
C/C++/Ch
C/C++ embedable interpreters
ISO C/C++, POSIX, GTK+, OpenGL, Motif, Sockets, CGI and scientific programming support.
FORTRAN
Portland Group Compilers
Paralell FORTRAN, Cray extentions
FORTRAN
Absoft ProFortran
ANSI FORTRAN 95, array bounds checking, HP/Compaq/VAX extensions
FORTRAN
Intel
FORTRAN 95, HP/Compaq/VAX extensions. [
buy
]
FORTRAN
HP/Compaq Fortran
True 64 Compiler ported to Linux on Alpha chip (only).
FORTRAN
N.A.Software
GUI debugger, IEEE math and exception handling. Lots of math libraries.
FORTRAN
Fujitsu FORTRAN Empress
Optimized 95, 90, 77, 66 compiler
FORTRAN
Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG)
Compiler supports 64 bit integers and High Performance FORTRAN (HPF), IEEE support.
COBOL
Liant: COBOL
Re-host Mainframe apps on Unix/Linux.
COBOL
TheKompany.com: KOBOL
ANSI COBOL compiler and IDE.
COBOL
Micro Focus COBOL
For IBM zSeries Linux mainframe.
PL/1
Liant: Open PL/1
Re-host Mainframe apps on Unix/Linux.
JAVA
Tower Technology: TowerJ
Compiles JAVA to native code. Will also compile JAVA byte code to native binary code.
LISP
Franz Inc: Allegro CL
Common Lisp object-oriented development environment
Eiffel
ISE: Eiffel
Object-oriented language and development environment
BASIC
PureBasic
Compiler not an interpreter. Many extensions
Development Tools:
- C++:
c++filt
Demangle C++ symbols
ParaSoft C++ Test
Static source code tester and automated unit test cases.
- Parasoft C++ Test notes:
- View command line options: cpptest -h
- From directory in which Makefile resides:
[user1@prompt]$ make CC="cpptest -Zms Project-Name"
Project file: /home/user1/C++TestProj/ProjectsFiles/Project-Name.cpf
Options:
- cpptest -Zcpf Project-Name.cpf -Zd off
Turning on/off dynamic analysis. (default is on)
- Command line: cpptest -Zcpf /home/user1/C++TestProj/ProjectsFiles/Project-Name.cpf -Zd off -Zrf Proj-Output-Test-Results.txt
- Launch GUI: c++test &
- C:
lintWhere is it??? Try
lclint
bison
GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement)
pccts
Purdue Compiler-Compiler (yacc/lex combo)
flex
fast lexical analyzer generator
cdecl
c++declCompose C and C++ type declarations
CScope
C source code cross referencing tool
cxref
C source code documentation and cross referencing tool
- FORTRAN:
f2c
Convert Fortran 77 to C or C++
- Debuggers:
gdb
[man]
GNU debugger. Command driven text/console interface. [
Getting Started Guide
]
xxgdb
[xxgdb]
X window system interface to the GNU debugger
DDD
[man]
Data Display Debugger. GUI interface for gdb and dbx.
GVD
GtkAda/GNAT Graphical GDB Debugger Interface
KDbg
K Desktop Graphical GDB Debugger Interface
ups
X11 Source Debugger Interface. Native debugger and not a front-end to gdb.
RHIDE
Console mode with windows like Borland 3.1 toolset.
Insight
GUI interface to gdb. Works with
Source-Navigator
IDE
xwpe
Borland C++ console mode IDE clone
Etnus
TotalView[Commercial] Specialized in debugging multi-threaded software with memory leak detection. Also MPI/OpenMP debugging facilities.
- Java:
kaffe
Java virtual machine
For a full list of Java tools and JVMs, see the
YoLinux Java Tutorial
- Source Code Documentation:
dOxygen
Documentation
system for C++, C, Java, IDL (Corba, Microsoft, and KDE-DCOP flavors).
Generates on-line documentation (in HTML) and/or an off-line reference
manual (in LaTex)
See
YoLinux dOxygen guide
- Gnome:
gladeVisual GUI builder to generate gtk C++ code or Gnome XML interface description to build Gnome GUI applications
memprofMemory Profiling Tool to profile code, look for memory leaks and monitor code execution.
For more information, see the
YoLinux GTK+ Tutorial
- Motif/LessTiff:
uilCompile Motif scripting interface (Not my 1st choice for Motif programming)
xmbind
configures the virtual key bindings of LessTif
- General:
make
Utility to maintain groups of programs with compiling/linker directives
imake
Utility to generate Makefiles from a template.
GNU autoconf
Tool used to generate configure script. Requires GNU m4.
gHex
Binary Editor and Viewer
beav
Binary Editor and Viewer
od
dump files in octal and other formats. od -c will try to dump everthing as ascii.
xxd
make a hexdump or do the reverse
strings
Print the strings of printable characters found in a file.
install
copy files and set attributes (ginstall)
m4
Macro language for builing configuration files
objdump
display assembler information from object files
nm
display symbol table from an object file
readelf
Displays information about ELF format object files.
ar
Create, modify, and extract from archives
ranlib
Generate index to archive
ldconfig
determine run-time link bindings
ldd
Print shared library dependencies for an executable
(i.e.: ldd `which xpdf`)
GNU libtool
Used to generate shared libraries.
ipcs
Report interprocess communication facility status for queues, shared memory, semaphores
iprm
Remove queues, shared memory, or semaphores
- Data Base toolkit:
gdbm
(Includes dbm and ndbm compatability.)
The GNU database manager.
Berkeley DB
Open Source embedded database system/toolkit.
Commercial Software Development Tool Vendors:
- Tools:
Eiffel
Cross platform code integration and design. Eiffel OO language and GUI framework.
Visual SlickEdit
Editor, Class browser, Dynamic Tagging
Perforce Software
Software configuration management
Gimpel Software: FlexeLint
Check C/C++ source code and find bugs, glitches, inconsistencies.
Parasoft: WebKing
Verification and testing tools for web services (SOAP), validate HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML, and WSDL
InstallShield: X
Software installation package
ParaSoft
C++Test
C/C++ coding standards enforcement tool. Cross platform. Code analysis and editing IDE. Static analysis of source code.
Parasoft: SOAPtest
Uses WSDL or UDDI info to generate SOAP requests/tests
IDE: Integrated Development Environment
- IDE:
Eclipse.org
IBM
open source JAVA and C/C++ (with CDT plug-in) IDE. Included with FC4.
Extensible IDE consortium - Borland, IBM, Red Hat, Rational. Lots of
industry backing. (Open Source)
Also see
EclipsePluginCentral.com
Plugins available for Subversion SCM, XML documents, HEX, ...
Also see:
YoLinux C++ Development
Anjuta
C, C++. Written for GTK/Gnome. Solid, simple, intuitive, bug free IDE
for C/C++ development on Linux. Search/Indexing, edit, compile and
debug. Almost no learning curve for those familiar with IDE's.
KDevelop.org
C++ KDE IDE
Source Navigator
C/C++, FORTRAN, COBOL, Tcl, JAVA, asm editor, cross reference tool, class browser and IDE.
wxStudio
C++ cross platform IDE. Written for wxWindows cross platform GUI framework.
Moonshine
C/C++. IDE supports Qt. (weak) More of an editor than anything else.
DiaSCE
C/C++ Gnome code editor. Integrated with Glade GTK GUI builder. (no debugging)
IDEntify
C/C++ source code editor/navigator, CVS, variable type viewer. (no debugging)
Lazarus
IDE for Free Pascal (GPL'ed compiler) and class libraries which emulate Delphi.
- Commercial IDE's:
Togethersoft
(Recently purchased by Borland)Full IDE. Cross platform. Code and UML development in one IDE. JAVA, C++, IDL, ...
Metrowerks:
CodeWarrior
Code navigation, compile and compare (cross platform), GNU C++ and JAVA
Borland: C++ Builder 5
Full IDE. Cross platform desktop apps.
Borland: Kylix
Rapid
Application Development (RAD) environment. Develop for Apache,
Databases (Oracle, DB2, Interbase and MySQL), Cross platform desktop
apps. Visual Basic like Language: CLX (Delphi compatable)
TrollTech: Qt
Cross platform and multi-language application development framework for C++
New Planet Software:
Code Medic
Works with
Code Crusader
(strong C++) development environment and JX (X-window C++ application framework).
C-Forge
Project
management and complete edit/compile/debug cycle support. Supports CVS,
SCCS, RCS, ETAGS, C/C++ and FORTRAN, Querix 4gl and eRuby, Qt Designer,
WxWindows and your wheel mouse.
Arriba
Embedded Software IDE. MS/Visual C++ like IDE for Linux.
WindRiver:
SNiF+
C, C++, Java, or ADA. Unix or Windows
Aligo:
Omni Mobile Platform
Mobile Java development (Cell phones/PDA's)
KDE Studio "Gold"
C++ KDE IDE (Commercial Open Source)
New Planet Software product comparison of IDE's.
Memory Debugging Development Tools:
- Memory Debugging:
ccmalloc
ETH Zurich: C/C++, Checks for illegal memory access and leaks. Cannot detect illegal memory reads.
GNU Checker
Warns of using uninitialized variable or memory or unallocated memory.
dbmalloc
C malloc, memory, string, and bstring
DbMalloc
Another dbmalloc. Leak detector, multi-threaded. C malloc, calloc, realloc, strdup and free
debauch
Modified from XFree86 memleak. Detects leaks, corrupted memory. To be used with GDB.
dmalloc
C malloc, realloc, calloc, free. Memory-leak tracking, fence-post write detection, file/line number reporting
Electric Fence
malloc() debugger. Stops program on the instruction that overruns or under-runs a malloc buffer.
fda
FDA provides a toolkit for validating pointers, checking for leaks, gathering memory statistics, bounds checking...
leak
Logs all malloc/realloc/free calls to dbm files with filename and line number. Realloc integrity.
Leak Tracer
C++ program for checking memory leaks.
libcw
Full-featured debugging support library for C++ developers.
libsafe
Detect
and handle buffer overflow and format string vulnerabilities before the
hackers do. (Middleware software, not compiled in)
MCheck
C/C++
memory usage and malloc checker for x86/linux. Detects accesses to
uninitialized variables, bad pointers, double frees and memory leaks.
Valgrind MemCheck
Part of the KDE Valgrind
toolset. C/C++ memory supervision. Intercepts malloc/new/free/delete.
Detects memory leaks, uninitialised memory, inappropriate read/write of
stack and malloc'ed blocks, some pthread errors.
Valgrind HOWTO
This tool is often rated the best Open Source memory debugging tools.
Memleak
Part or X11R6.4
Memdebug
MemProf
Red
Hat GUI (Gtk/Gnome) tool for profiling and leak detection. Preloads
it's own runtime library. Supports threaded and forked programs.
MM
Shared memory abstraction layer library.
mpatrol
Profile and log/trace malloc/free/new[]
mpr
Log malloc/free calls
NJAMD
Replaces malloc. Looks for overflows,underflows, writes to freed memory, leaks. C/C++, thread safe.
YaMa
Memory allocator with leak tracking and some anti-heap corruption facilities. malloc, calloc, realloc and free.
YAMD
Yet Another Malloc Debugger: C/C++
gcc w/ bounds checking
GCC bounds checking compiler patch. Adds the -fbounds-checking flag to gcc.
Cacheprof
Profile/investigate cache effects in x86 programs.
Works with gcc compiler: cacheprof gcc -O -o myprog myprog.c.
- Commercial Memory debugging tools:
Aprobe
Memory and performance audits.
Etnus
TotalViewMemory leak detection including threaded software.
Parasoft: Insure++
Memory corruption and memory leak error detection. C/C++
- Parasoft Insure++ Notes/Example:
Configure Insure++:
- Add to path in .bash_profile: /opt/parasoft/Insure++/bin.linux2/cpp/
- turn on graphical interface:
Add to the file /opt/parasoft/Insure++/.psrc
Insure++.inuse on
Compile/run:
- Test with example: cd /opt/parasoft/Insure++/examples/cpp/
- Compile: insure -g -o leak leak.C
- Run: ./leak
Output from run:
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- Alternate memory functions:
Boem Garbage Collector
A garbage collector for C and C++. Replaces malloc/new
CSRI
(tar download)
GNU Malloc
(tar download)
Hoard
Memory allocator for multiprocessors. Improves multithreaded program performance on multiprocessor systems.
Ptmalloc (GNU C library)
Malloc extended for SMP
Quick Fix Malloc
qf.c: Optimized for low memory use and optimal allignment.
vmalloc (Part of ast)
AT&T Labs
Software Design:
Commercial Design Tools:
CM: Software Change Management and Configuration Management:
Build Systems:
Build systems:
GNU gmake/make
: GNU make is a build system based on the original UNIX "make" build system but with more features. Install RPM package: make
GNU make manual
scons
: Newer python based, cross platform build system. Great for cross platform development (i.e. MS/Windows and Linux/Unix)
GNU Makefile for cross platform deployment:
GNU Makefile OS dependencies:
Makefiles can use defined OS variables. Cygwin sets $OS
to "MS/Windows-Cygwin". This does not seem to be set for other OS's but
can be set in the system profile or it can be explicitly set as in the
example below.
OS = $(shell uname -s)
ifeq "$(OS)" "CYGWIN_NT-5.0"
OS_DIR = win-i32
CC = /usr/bin/g++
CPPFLAGS = -g -mms-bitfields -mno-cygwin -mwindows
LDFLAGS = -g -mms-bitfields -mno-cygwin -mwindows
AR = /usr/bin/ar
CP = /usr/bin/cp
MKDIR = /usr/bin/mkdir
RM = /usr/bin/rm
ECHO = /usr/bin/echo
TOUCH = /usr/bin/touch
endif
ifeq "$(OS)" "Linux"
OS_DIR = linux-i32
CC = /usr/bin/g++
CPPFLAGS = -g
LDFLAGS = -g
AR = /usr/bin/ar
CP = /bin/cp
MKDIR = /bin/mkdir
RM = /bin/rm
ECHO = /bin/echo
TOUCH = /bin/touch
endif
ifeq "$(OS)" "SunOS"
OS_DIR = sun-sparc
CC = /usr/local/bin/g++
CPPFLAGS = -g
LDFLAGS = -g
AR = /usr/ccs/bin/ar
CP = /bin/cp
MKDIR = /bin/mkdir
RM = /bin/rm
ECHO = /bin/echo
TOUCH = /bin/touch
endif
ifeq "$(OS)" "IRIX64"
# SGI
OS_DIR=sgi-mips
CC=/usr/bin/CC
CPPFLAGS = -g -c -LANG:std -n32 -ptused
LDFLAGS = -v -g -LANG:std -n32 -ptused
AR = /usr/bin/ar
CP = /usr/bin/cp
MKDIR = /sbin/mkdir
RM = /sbin/rm
ECHO = /sbin/echo
TOUCH = /sbin/touch
endif
...
help:
@-$(ECHO) "make all - builds executable/library"
@-$(ECHO) "make install - installs components"
@-$(ECHO) "make clean - removes object files and executable/library"
@-$(ECHO) "make clean_all - removes all object files, all object dirs, executable/library"
...
Also see
YoLinux C/C++ gcc/g++ cross platform tips
Autoconf:
Automated Nightly / Continuous Build and Test Systesm:
Automated Nightly/Continuous Build and reporting systems:
BuildBot
: Distributed and multi-platform build servers. (Python)
Cabie
:
Distributed and multiplatform build servers. (Very dificult to install,
limited instructions for install and operation) (Perl, MySQL)
Configured for use with CVS or Perforce CM systems.
Tinderbox2
: (Mozilla.org project) For use with Bonsai and CVS.
NightWatch
: Java build, JUnit test system (Perl)
Commercial:
Bug/Change Tracking:
TRAC
: Simple, web based, intuitive bug and change tracking. Has a good interface with Subversion. Click around and view
a current project using TRAC
.
Tigris.org: Scarab
-
From the Subversion crew. Interfaces with Subversion CM revision
control system. Data entry, queries, reports, notifications to
interested parties, collaborative accumulation of comments, dependency
tracking. Web based.
Bugzilla
- Database for bugs. Allows people to report bugs and assigns these bugs to the appropriate developers.
GNATS
-
Utilities to formulate and administer a database of Problem Reports
grouped by site-defined "problem categories." Organizes the large
volume of email that flows between end users and software maintainers
by defining a database made up of archived
and indexed email messages.
SeaPine.com: TestTrack Pro
- Web based defect/bug tracker which integrates with Surround SCM,
Visual SourceSafe, ClearCase, PVCS, Perforce, CVS, StarTeam, and
SourceOffSite.
IBM/Rational: ClearQuest
- works with their Clearcase change management system. Commercial product. Client application and web interface.
Development Libraries:
Cross Platform API's:
Software Install/Update systems:
Notes:
- Running Red Hat 7.1 (glibc 2.2.2) but compiling for Red Hat 6.2 compatability.
See
RELEASE-NOTES
export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5
. /usr/i386-glibc21-linux/bin/i386-glibc21-linux-env.sh
- To add libraries to be included during dynamic linking,
add the entry to the file
/etc/ld.so.conf OR add the the library path to the
environment variable LD_RUN_PATH.
Sample: /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/lib
...
..
/usr/lib/sane
/usr/lib/mysql
/opt/lib
Add the library path to this file and then execute the command
ldconfig to configure the linker run-time bindings.
You can use the "-f file-name" flag to reference another
configuration file if you are developing for different environments.
See man page for command ldconfig.
- To include the library during execution, add the library path to the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
(Linux/Solaris: LD_LIBRARY_PATH, SGI: LD_LIBRARYN32_PATH, AIX: LIBPATH, Mac OS X: DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH, HP-UX: SHLIB_PATH)
- Direct loader to preload a specific shared library before all others: export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libXXX.so.x; exec program
Also see:
- Including a library in the compile statement: gcc src-file.c -lm -lpthread
The libraries referenced in this example for inclusion during linking
are the math library and the thread library. They are found in
/usr/lib/libm.a and /usr/lib/libpthread.a.
- ld.so - a.out dynamic linker/loader
- Environment variable to highlight warnings, errors, etc: export CC="colorgcc"
- Linux distros and releases:
Red Hat/FedoraKernelLibrariesGCC
FC 42.6.11-1.1369glibc-2.3.5-104.0.0-8
FC 32.6.9-1.667glibc-2.3.3-743.4.2-6
FC 22.6.5-1glibc-2.3.3-273.3.3-7/3.4.0
FC 12.4.22-1.2115glibc-2.3.2-1013.3.2-1
RH 9.0
glibc-2.3.23.2.2
RH 8.0
glibc-2.2.933.2
RH 7.3
glibc-2.2.52.96
RH 7.2
glibc-2.2.42.96
RH 6.2
glibc-2.1.32.91
RH 5.x
glibc-2.0
RH 4.x
libc5
RHELKernelLibrariesGCC
RHEL42.6.9-52.3.4-23.4.3-9
RHEL32.4.21-42.3.2-95.33.2.3-20
CENTOSKernelLibrariesGCC
Centos42.6.9-222.3.4-2.133.4.4-2
Centos32.4.21-372.3.2-95.373.2.3-53
SuSE ProKernelLibrariesGCC
102.6.13-15
9.32.6.11glibc-2.3.4-233.3.5-5
9.22.6.8-24glibc-2.3.3-1183.3.4-11
9.12.6.4-52glibc-2.3.3-983.3.3-41
9.0
glibc-2.3.23.3.1
8.2
glibc-2.3.23.3
8.1
glibc-2.2.53.2
SuSE EnterpriseKernelLibrariesGCC
9.02.6.5
- How to generate a library:
- Compile: cc -c ctest1.c ctest2.c
- Create library "ctest.a": ar -cvq ctest.a ctest1.o ctest2.o
- List files in library: ar -t ctest.a
- Using library: cc -o executable-name prog.c ctest.a
- Example files:
- ctest1.c
ctest1(int *i)
{
*i=5;
}
- ctest1.c
ctest1(int *i)
{
*i=100;
}
- prog.c
#include
main()
{
int x;
ctest1(&x);
printf("Valx=%d\n",x);
}
Historical note:
After creating the library it was once necessary to run the command: ranlib ctest.a.
This created a symbol table within the archive. Ranlib is now embedded into the "ar"
command.
- How to generate a shared object: (Dynamically linked object library file.)
gcc -fPIC -c *.c
gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libfoo.so.1 -o libfoo.so.1.0 *.o
Notes:
- Option -fPIC: Compiler directive to output position independent code suitable for dynamic linking.
- Pass options to linker: -Wl.
In this example the options to be passed on to the linker are:
"-soname libfoo.so.1".
- Option -shared: Produce a shared object which can then be linked with other objects to form an executable.
- Option -o: Output of operation. In this case the name of the shared object to be output will be "libfoo.so.1.0
Man Pages:
gcc
- GNU C compiler
ld
- The GNU Linker
- Unit test: Testing/Debugging C++ classes (this also applies to C functions)
Create test main program which by default is not compiled.
For debugging and test purposes have the main invoked with a compiler or
makefile flag. Implementing this method allows the test program to always
be available and in sync with the classes and/or functions within the file.
See example C++ (ManageNumbers.cpp) program and test case main.
- Regular compile: g++ -c ManageNumbers.cpp
- Compile for test: g++ -DMAIN -c ManageNumbers.cpp
Note: The GNU gcc group often uses the define flag "TEST".
Create a target in the makefile for the unit test:
...
testModule1: module1
g++ -DMAIN -c ManageNumbers.cpp
...
- Internationalization:
- Message translation see GNU "gettext".
- If available: ./configure --with-included-gettext
- Internationalized packages usually have many `po/LL.po' files, where
LL gives an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying the language.
(i.e. environment variable LANG=en)
- catgets:
- ./configure --with-catgets
- See man page for C function catgets
- Language codes are NOT the same as the country codes given in ISO 3166.
- See man page for C functions setlocale, charsets, unicode
- International character sets:
Unicode.org
Links:
YoLinux Software Development Tutorials:
Links:
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Books:
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"Advanced Linux Programming"
by Mark Mitchell, Jeffrey Oldham, Alex Samuel, Jeffery Oldham
ISBN # 0735710430, New Riders
Good book for programmers who already know how to program and just need
to know the Linux specifics. Covers a variety of Linux tools, libraries,
API's and techniques. If you don't know how to program, start with a
book on C.
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"Advanced UNIX Programming" Second Edition
by Marc J. Rochkind
ISBN # 0131411543, Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series
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"Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment" First Edition
by W. Richard Stevens
ISBN # 0201563177, Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series
It is the C programmers guide to programming on the UNIX platform.
This book is a must for any serious UNIX/Linux programmer. It covers all
of the essential UNIX/Linux API's and techniques.
This book starts where the basic C programming book leaves off.
Great example code.
This book travels with me to every job I go to.
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"Code Complete: A Practical Handbook of Software Construction"
by Steve McConnell
ISBN # 0735619670, Microsoft Press
This book teaches coding style and maturity to programmers without.
It is software lessons, guidance and experience in a book.
It will make you a better programmer by teaching
you how to code with style and grace.
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"UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1: Sockets Networking API" Third Edition
by W. Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff, Richard W. Stevens
ISBN # 0131411551, Addison-Wesley Pub Co; 3 edition (October 22, 2003)
This book covers POSIX, IPv6, network APIs, sockets (elementary,
advanced, routed, and raw), multicast, UDP, TCP, Threads, Streams,
ioctl. In depth coverage of topics.
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"UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1: Networking APIs - Sockets and XTI" Second Edition
by W. Richard Stevens
ISBN # 013490012X, Prentice Hall PTR
This book covers network APIs, sockets + XTI, multicast, UDP, TCP,
ICMP, raw sockets, SNMP, MBONE. In depth coverage of topics.
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"UNIX Network Programming Volume 2: Interprocess Communications"
by W. Richard Stevens
ISBN # 0130810819, Prentice Hall PTR
This book covers semaphores, threads, record locking, memory mapped I/O,
message queues, RPC's, etc.
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"Advanced Unix Programming"
by Warren W. Gay
ISBN # 067231990X, Sams White Book Series
This book covers all topics in general: files, directories, date/time,
libraries, pipes, IPC, semaphores, shared memory, forked processes and
I/O scheduling. The coverage is not as in depth as the previous two
books (Stevens Vol 1 and 2)
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"Linux Programming Bible"
by John Goerzen
ISBN # 0764546570, Hungry Minds, Inc
This covers the next step after "C" programming 101.
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"Gnome/Gtk+ Programming Bible"
by Arthur Griffith
ISBN # 0764546406, Hungry Minds, Inc
Covers programming desktop GUI applications with the Gnome/Gtk+ GDK API.
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本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/2836/showart_150699.html |
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发表于 2006-08-04 10:21