8.Executable file formats

kevinislinuxer

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Kernel
                support for ELF binaries
               
       
ELF
(Executable and Linkable Format) is a format for libraries and
executables
used across different architectures and operating
systems.
Saying Y here will enable your kernel to run ELF binaries
and
enlarge it by about 13 KB. ELF support under Linux has now all
but
replaced the traditional Linux a.out formats (QMAGIC and ZMAGIC)
because
it is portable (this does *not* mean that you will be able
to
run executables from different architectures or operating systems
however)
and makes building run-time libraries very easy. Many new
executables
are distributed solely in ELF format. You definitely
want
to say Y here.
Information
about ELF is contained in the ELF HOWTO available from
[color="#008080"].
If
you find that after upgrading from Linux kernel 1.2 and saying Y
here,
you still can't run any ELF binaries (they just crash), then
you'll
have to install the newest ELF runtime libraries, including
ld.so
(check the file  for location and
latest
version).
[color="#99cc00"]ELF[color="#99cc00"]是开放平台下最常用的二进制文件，它支持不同的硬件平台。[color="#99cc00"]ELF[color="#99cc00"]是excutive
linked
file[color="#99cc00"]的缩写，是一种为[color="#99cc00"]Linux[color="#99cc00"]系统所采用的通用文件格式，支持动态连接。选[color="#99cc00"]Y[color="#99cc00"]会使内核支持[color="#99cc00"]ELF[color="#99cc00"]格式同时内核增大[color="#99cc00"]13k[color="#99cc00"]。现在[color="#99cc00"]linux[color="#99cc00"]上[color="#99cc00"]ELF[color="#99cc00"]格式还没有完全取代[color="#99cc00"]a.out[color="#99cc00"]，但他有很多优越性，当然要选[color="#99cc00"]Y[color="#99cc00"]。

http://www.tldp.org/docs.html#howto
[color="#99cc00"]上有相关文档。

Kernel
                support for a.out and ECOFF binaries
       
A.out
(Assembler.OUTput) is a set of formats for libraries and
executables
used in the earliest versions of UNIX.  Linux used
the
a.out formats QMAGIC and ZMAGIC until they were replaced
with
the ELF format.
The
conversion to ELF started in 1995.  This option is primarily
provided
for historical interest and for the benefit of those
who
need to run binaries from that era.
Most
people should answer N here.  If you think you may have
occasional
use for this format, enable module support above
and
answer M here to compile this support as a module called
[color="#008080"]binfmt_aout.
If
any crucial components of your system (such as /sbin/init
or
/lib/ld.so) are still in a.out format, you will have to
say
Y here.
[color="#99cc00"]早期版本的[color="#99cc00"]UNIX[color="#99cc00"]上的可执行文件格式，逐渐被更先进的[color="#99cc00"]ELF[color="#99cc00"]取代，大多数人应该选[color="#99cc00"]N[color="#99cc00"]，但如果你有用到这种格式，可以编译成模块，名字：binfmt
aout

Kernel
                support for MISC binaries
       
If
you say Y here, it will be possible to plug wrapper-driven binary
formats
into the kernel. You will like this especially when you use
programs
that need an interpreter to run like Java, Python, .NET or
Emacs-Lisp.
It's also useful if you often run DOS executables under
the
Linux DOS emulator DOSEMU (read the DOSEMU-HOWTO, available from
).
Once you have
registered
such a binary class with the kernel, you can start one of
those
programs simply by typing in its name at a shell prompt; Linux
will
automatically feed it to the correct interpreter.
You
can do other nice things, too. Read the file
to learn how to use this
feature,
for information about how
to
include Java support. and  for
information
about how to include Mono-based .NET support.
To
use binfmt_misc, you will need to mount it:
     mount binfmt_misc -t
binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
You
may say M here for module support and later load the module when
you
have use for it; the module is called binfmt_misc. If you
don't
know what to answer at this point, say Y.
[color="#99cc00"]此选项允许插入二进制的封装层到内核中，当使用[color="#99cc00"]Java[color="#99cc00"]、[color="#99cc00"].NET[color="#99cc00"]、[color="#99cc00"]Python[color="#99cc00"]、[color="#99cc00"]Lisp[color="#99cc00"]等语言编写的程序时非常有用。你可以把它编译成模块，使用时载入，如果你不知道该怎么办，那就选[color="#99cc00"]Y[color="#99cc00"]。
               
               
               

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