系统备份脚本，更新于2006年4月27日（推荐）

johnnysh

               
               
               
                　　以前的备份脚本，虽然可以正常使用，但近来在实际生产环境中发现有些地方不太灵活。比如，如果要备份多个不同的模块而又希望备份成多个目标文件（这些文件隶属不同性质），那以前的脚本就无能为力了。
　　为此，最近重写了这个脚本，依然离不开Rsync；对于Rsync集中存储的机器，就简单得称之为Rsync Repository。
###########################################################################
#/bin/bash
#
# backup.sh -- Backup User Specified Files and Directories to
#              Local Directory or/and Remote Rsync Repository.
#
# Copyright (C) 2006 Johnny
#
# Usage:
#       ./backup.sh
#
###########################################################################
#
# 1. Define Script Variables
#
alias cp='cp'
alias mv='mv -f'
#
# 1.1 Define Basic Variables
#
# configuration file, includes files and directories to backup
CONFIG_FILE="/usr/local/bin/backup.conf"
# log file
LOG_FILE="/var/log/backup.log"
# exclusive hostname, all backup files of current server
# will be saved in this directory on the remote server
# default is local hostname
HOSTNAME="`hostname`"
# whether compress to xxx.tar.gz or save all backup files in xxx directory
# [0] means directory
# [1] means compress
# default is xxx.tar.gz
COMPRESS="1"
#
# 1.2 Define Backup Destination Variables
#
# local destination directory
LOCAL_DEST_DIR="/data/backup/$HOSTNAME"
# remote destination directory
# default is local hostname
REMOTE_DEST_DIR="$HOSTNAME"
# remote hostname or ip address
REMOTE_HOST="192.168.0.177"
# specify backup mode
# [local] means backup to $LOCAL_DEST_DIR
# [remote] means backup to $REMOTE_DEST_DIR
# [both] means backup to $LOCAL_DEST_DIR and $REMOTE_DEST_DIR
BACKUP_MODE="both"
#
# 1.3 Define Rsync Options
#
# rsync command path
RSYNC="/usr/local/rsync/bin/rsync"
# rsync module name
RSYNC_MODULE="target"
# rsync command options
RSYNC_OPTIONS="-vzr --port 8585 --progress"
# rsync username
RSYNC_USERNAME="RsyncBackupUsername"
# rsync password
RSYNC_PASSWORD="RsyncBackupPassword"
#
# 1.4 Define Other Options
#
# current date, format YYYYMMDD
CUR_DATE=`date +%Y%m%d`
# tar command path
TAR="/bin/tar"
# gzip command path
GZIP="/bin/gzip"
# define backup temporary directory
TMPDIR="/tmp/$HOSTNAME-$CUR_DATE"
###########################################################################
#
# 2. Verify System Variables
#
# check if $CONFIG_FILE exists
[ ! -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ] &&
    {
        echo "$CONFIG_FILE not exists.";
        exit 1;
    }
# check if $LOG_FILE exists
[ ! -f "$LOG_FILE" ] &&
    {
        echo "$LOG_FILE not exists, create it now.";
        echo "" > $LOG_FILE;
    }
# check if $COMPRESS exists
[ "$COMPRESS" == "" \
    -o "$COMPRESS" != "0" \
    -a "$COMPRESS" != "1" ] &&
    {
        echo "variable COMPRESS is invalid.";
        exit 1;
    }
# check if $LOCAL_DEST_DIR exists
[ "$BACKUP_MODE" == "local" -a ! -d "$LOCAL_DEST_DIR" ] &&
    {
        echo "$LOCAL_DEST_DIR not exists.";
        exit 1;
    }
# check if $BACKUP_MODE exists
[ "$BACKUP_MODE" == "" \
    -o "$BACKUP_MODE" != "local" \
    -a "$BACKUP_MODE" != "remote" \
    -a "$BACKUP_MODE" != "both" ] &&
    {
        echo "variable BACKUP_MODE is invalid.";
        exit 1;
    }
# check if $RSYNC exists
[ ! -f "$RSYNC" -o ! -x "$RSYNC" ] &&
    {
        echo "$RSYNC not installed or cannot be executed.";
        exit 1;
    }
# check if $TAR exists
[ ! -f "$TAR" -o ! -x "$TAR" ] &&
    {
        echo "$TAR not installed or cannot be executed.";
        exit 1;
    }
# check if $GZIP exists
[ ! -f "$GZIP" -o ! -x "$GZIP" ] &&
    {
        echo "$GZIP not installed or cannot be executed.";
        exit 1;
    }
# set HOSTNAME if null
[ -z "$HOSTNAME" ] &&
    {
        HOSTNAME=`hostname`;
        LOCAL_DEST_DIR="/data/backup/$HOSTNAME";
        REMOTE_DEST_DIR="$HOSTNAME";
    }
###########################################################################
#
# 3. Function Lists
#
#
# 3.1 Verify Backup Config File Format
#
verifyConfigFile()
{
    [ `grep "^$//g' | sed 's/,/ /g'`
            if [ "$Interval" == "week" -a `date +%u` -ne 1 -o \
               
"$Interval" == "month" -a `date +%e` -ne 1 ]; then
                backupNext="false"
                continue
            elif [ "$Interval" == "day" ]; then
                backupNext="true"
            fi
            echo
-e "\tProcess module [$BackupName]." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
            echo
-e "\t\t[Module $BackupName]" >> "$TMPDIR"/readme 2>&1
            if [ "$COMPRESS" == "0" ]; then
                mkdir "$TMPDIR"/"$BackupName"
            elif [ "$COMPRESS" == "1" ]; then
                touch "$TMPDIR"/"$BackupName".tar
            fi
            continue
        fi
        if [ `echo "$i" | grep "^$" | wc -l` -eq 1 ]; then
            if [ "$COMPRESS" == "1" -a "$backupNext" == "true" ]; then
                "$GZIP" "$TMPDIR"/"$BackupName".tar
            fi
            backupNext="true"
            continue
        fi
        if [ `echo "$i" | grep "^#" | wc -l` -eq 1 -o \
             `echo "$i" | grep "^$" | wc -l` -eq 1 -o \
             `echo "$i" | grep "^ *$" | wc -l` -eq 1 ]; then
            continue
        fi
        if [ "$backupNext" == "false" ]; then
            continue
        fi
        if [ "$backupNext" == "true" ]; then
            if [ ! -e "$i" ]; then
               
echo -e "\tWarninig: $i cannot be found." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE";
                continue;
            fi
            if [ "$COMPRESS" == "0" ]; then
                cp -aRf "$i" "$TMPDIR"/"$BackupName"/
            elif [ "$COMPRESS" == "1" ]; then
               
"$TAR" rf "$TMPDIR"/"$BackupName".tar "$i" > /dev/null 2>&1
            fi
            ls -aRl "$i" >> "$TMPDIR"/readme 2>&1
        fi
    done
}
#
# 3.3 Create Rsync Password File
#
createRsyncPasswdFile()
{
    echo "Creating rsync password file..." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "$RSYNC_PASSWORD" > /tmp/rsync.password
    chmod 600 /tmp/rsync.password
}
#
# 3.4 Backup to Local
#
backupLocal()
{
    echo "Backuping to local..." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    cp -aRf "$TMPDIR" "$LOCAL_DEST_DIR"/ > /dev/null 2>&1
}
#
# 3.5 Backup to Remote
#
backupRemote()
{
    echo "Backuping to remote..." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    createRsyncPasswdFile
    "$RSYNC" $RSYNC_OPTIONS "$TMPDIR" \
    "$RSYNC_USERNAME"@"$REMOTE_HOST"::"$RSYNC_MODULE"/"$REMOTE_DEST_DIR"/ \
    --password-file=/tmp/rsync.password > /dev/null 2>&1
    rm -f /tmp/rsync.password
}
###########################################################################
#
# 4. Main Script
#
CUR_TIME=`date`
echo
"                           
" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
echo "Begin to backup at $CUR_TIME." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
# verify backup config file format
verifyConfigFile
# begin to create target file
beginBackup
# begin to backup reference to $BACKUP_MODE
if [ "$BACKUP_MODE" == "local" ]; then
    backupLocal
elif [ "$BACKUP_MODE" == "remote" ]; then
    backupRemote
elif [ "$BACKUP_MODE" == "both" ]; then
    backupLocal
    backupRemote
fi
echo "Backup succussfully at `date`." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
# remove temporary directory
rm -fr "$TMPDIR"
###########################################################################
使用方法：
  

首先，建立Rsync Repository服务，应该是一台独立的拥有大容量磁盘空间的服务器，其中要打开Rsync的远程写入功能；建议采用包过滤防火墙控制端口的访问，以确保安全。
  

在需要备份的服务器上，建立/usr/local/bin/backup.sh文件，内容如上所述;同时，需要建立/usr/local/bin/backup.conf文件，这就是backup的配置文件。
文件格式如下：
　//以BackupName作为模块描述符，必须成对出现；Interval可以是day/week/month，表示每天，每周一，每月一号进行备份。
#/etc/hosts　//以#开头表示注释
/etc/abc
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ppp
如上，最终会生成两个目标文件。
  

以crontab方式定时执行本地的backup.sh即可。
注意事项：
  

该脚本在RHEL4、RHEL4-U1上测试同过，使用Rsync2.6.6，其它平台尚未测试，但基本上应该无误，在用于生产环境时，切记进行相关测试。
  

有时候，有些备份需要执行一些额外的命令，该功能考虑以后会加上。
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               

本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/3959/showart_104213.html