perl如何调用其它编程语言（如C）

蓝色键盘

问题描述:
unix环境下，在perl中
1、如何调用一个标准C函数。
2、如何调用一个4gl编写的函数。
3、如何调用一个操作系统函数或系统调用。

操作系统环境：
linux

具体测试代码和例子：


Makefile.PL内容如下：
代码:

1. 
   
2. use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
   
3. # See lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm for details of how to influence
   
4. # the contents of the Makefile that is written.
   
5. WriteMakefile(
   
6.     'NAME'              =>; 'Mytest',
   
7.     'VERSION_FROM'      =>; 'Mytest.pm', # finds $VERSION
   
8.     'PREREQ_PM'         =>; {}, # e.g., Module::Name =>; 1.1
   
9.     'LIBS'              =>; [''], # e.g., '-lm'
   
10.     'DEFINE'            =>; '', # e.g., '-DHAVE_SOMETHING'
    
11.     'INC'               =>; '', # e.g., '-I/usr/include/other'
    
12. );
    

复制代码

Mytest.PM的内容如下：
代码:

1. 
   
2. package Mytest;
   
3. 
   
4. require 5.005_62;
   
5. use strict;
   
6. use warnings;
   
7. 
   
8. require Exporter;
   
9. require DynaLoader;
   
10. 
    
11. our @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
    
12. 
    
13. # Items to export into callers namespace by default. Note: do not export
    
14. # names by default without a very good reason. Use EXPORT_OK instead.
    
15. # Do not simply export all your public functions/methods/constants.
    
16. 
    
17. # This allows declaration       use Mytest ':all';
    
18. # If you do not need this, moving things directly into @EXPORT or @EXPORT_OK
    
19. # will save memory.
    
20. our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' =>; [ qw(
    
21. 
    
22. ) ] );
    
23. 
    
24. our @EXPORT_OK = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} } );
    
25. our @EXPORT = qw(
    
26. 
    
27. );
    
28. our $VERSION = '0.01';
    
29. 
    
30. bootstrap Mytest $VERSION;
    
31. 
    
32. # Preloaded methods go here.
    
33. 
    
34. 1;
    
35. __END__
    
36. # Below is stub documentation for your module. You better edit it!
    
37. 
    
38. =head1 NAME
    
39. 
    
40. Mytest - Perl extension for blah blah blah
    
41. 
    
42. =head1 SYNOPSIS
    
43. 
    
44.   use Mytest;
    
45.   blah blah blah
    
46. =head1 DESCRIPTION
    
47. 
    
48. Stub documentation for Mytest, created by h2xs. It looks like the
    
49. author of the extension was negligent enough to leave the stub
    
50. unedited.
    
51. 
    
52. Blah blah blah.
    
53. 
    
54. =head2 EXPORT
    
55. 
    
56. None by default.
    
57. 
    
58. 
    
59. =head1 AUTHOR
    
60. 
    
61. A. U. Thor, a.u.thor@a.galaxy.far.far.away
    
62. 
    
63. =head1 SEE ALSO
    
64. 
    
65. perl(1).
    
66. 
    
67. =cut
    

复制代码

Mytest.xs内容如下：

代码:

1. 
   
2. #include "EXTERN.h"
   
3. #include "perl.h"
   
4. #include "XSUB.h"
   
5. 
   
6. MODULE = Mytest         PACKAGE = Mytest
   
7. 
   

复制代码

上面这个是大体的框架，我现在自己写了一个c函数，例如：
代码:

1. 
   
2. #include <stdio.h>;
   
3. 
   
4. static int testfun( int );
   
5. 
   
6. int main( void )
   
7. {
   
8.     (void)fprintf(stderr,"Sample for test.\n");
   
9.     if( testfun( 100 ) < 0 ) {
   
10.         (void)fprintf(stderr,"testfun error!\n");
    
11.         exit(-1);
    
12.     }
    
13.     exit(0);
    
14. }
    
15. 
    
16. int testfun(int num )
    
17. {
    
18.     if( num >; 0 )
    
19.         printf("Int num = %d\n", num );
    
20.     else
    
21.         return -1;
    
22.     return 0;
    
23. }
    
24. 
    

复制代码

需求：
现在如何在上面那几个文件中添加，让perl可以执行c的函数。
如果使用其它的方式，怎么使用，具体的例子是什么