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One reason why I wrote this FAQ is that I did not find one dealing with such a controversial (and sometimes confusing) topic as this in the forum. Another (perhaps the main reason!!) is that I had not written any FAQ yet .
If you ever had difficulties dealing with pointers (you would have certainly had, if you are a C programmer) then go through this FAQ. Otherwise don't bother.
In the following declarations, p is ...
int *p; pointer to int
int *p[10]; array[10] of pointers to int (not same as a 2D array)
int (*p)[10]; pointer to array[10] of int
int *p(); function returning pointer to int
int (*p)(); pointer to function returning int
int *(*p)(); pointer to function returning pointer to int
int (*p[])(); array[] of pointers to function returning int
int (*(*p())[5])(); function returning pointer to array[5] of pointers to function returning int
The above become quite clear when we consider the precedence and associativity of operators:
() [] {left to right}
* {right to left}
As an example what is p in the declaration:
int *((*(*p[5])()))[10];
One nice and easy way to come to the correct conclusion is by assuming that you are the compiler and going through the following obvious steps. Obvious when you keep in mind the precedence and associativity of the operators at hand that is [], ( ), *.
First we have p[5] which is obviously an array, so we have
array[5] of
Next is *p[5], which is a pointer, thus
array[5] of pointers to
Then (*p[5])(), which represents a function, hence
array[5] of pointers to function returning
Then *(*p[5])(), a pointer hence
array[5] of pointers to function returning pointer to
Next consider ((*(*p[5])()))[10], which is an array, so we get
array[5] of pointers to function returning pointer to array[10] of
(an extra pair of ( ) above is of no use although it does no harm)
Then comes *((*(*p[5])()))[10], which is a pointer, so we get
array[5] of pointers to function returning pointer to array[10] of pointers to
Lastly, the type which is int in this case which ultimately leads us to
array[5] of pointers to function returning pointer to array[10] of pointers to int
When you are writing code all you have to do is to follow the reverse of the above steps, which is fairly easy.
Such a complicated (?? if you have gone through the above, it should seem too simple now) pointer/array/function/etc is seldom used, I think.
And a nicer and more foolproof way to use such a thing is by using typedef. But that's another story ... |
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发表于 2003-12-27 13:59
发表于 2003-12-29 11:45
