Solaris管理员常用命令简明手册(好你就顶拉)

陈小奚

转贴自Sun BigAdmin.
没有翻译，因为本身已经很简单了，你觉得不错就顶。呵呵~
有人再加上自己觉得好用的命令技巧就更好了~

1. 
   
2. SysAdmin Commands
   
3. 
   
4. Debugging
   
5. 
   
6.   truss executable
   
7. /* Trace doing of given command ( useful debugging ) */  
   
8. 
   
9.   truss -f -p <pid of a shell>;
   
10. /* Using multiple windows, this can be used to trace setuid/setgid programs */  
    
11. 
    
12. Arp, ethernet trouble shooting  
    
13. 
    
14.   arp -a .
    
15. /* Shows the ethernet address arp table */  
    
16. 
    
17.   arp -d myhost
    
18. /* Delete a stale ethernet entry for host myhost */  
    
19. 
    
20. Disk Commands  
    
21. 
    
22.   du -k .
    
23. /* Reports disk space used in Kilobytes */  
    
24. 
    
25.   du -sk .
    
26. /* Reports only total disk space used in Kilobytes */  
    
27. 
    
28.   du -sk *|sort -k1,1n
    
29. /* Reports total disk space used in Kilobytes in present directory */
    
30. 
    
31.   du -ad /var | sort -nr
    
32. /* Tells you how big the /var files are in reverse order */  
    
33. 
    
34.   fdformat -d -U
    
35. /* Format diskette */  
    
36. 
    
37.   /usr/bin/iostat -E
    
38. /* Command to display drives statistics */  
    
39. 
    
40.   /bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom
    
41. /* Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM */  
    
42. 
    
43.   newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
    
44. /* To view the superfblocks available */  
    
45. 
    
46.   prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2
    
47. /* Disk geometry and partitioning info */  
    
48. 
    
49.   quot -af
    
50. /* How much space is used by users in kilobytes */  
    
51. 
    
52. Driver Parameters  
    
53. 
    
54.   ndd /dev/ip \?
    
55. /* Shows IP variables in the kernel */  
    
56. 
    
57.   ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding
    
58. /* Tells you if forwarding is on (=1) */  
    
59. 
    
60.   ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1
    
61. /* Enables IP forwarding between interfaces */  
    
62. 
    
63. File Manipulation  
    
64. 
    
65.   dos2unix | -ascii <filename>;
    
66. /* Converts DOS file formats to Unix */  
    
67. 
    
68.   split
    
69. /* Split files into pieces */  
    
70. 
    
71.   [vi] : %s/existing/new/g
    
72. /* Search and Replace text in vi */  
    
73. 
    
74.   [vi] :set nu
    
75. /* Set line numbers in vi */  
    
76. 
    
77.   [vi] :set ts=[num]
    
78. /* Set tab stops in vi */  
    
79. 
    
80. File System  
    
81. 
    
82.   cat /dev/null >; filename
    
83. /* Zero's out the file without breaking pipe */  
    
84. 
    
85.   dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096
    
86. /* Make a mirror image of your boot disk */  
    
87. 
    
88.   df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount
    
89. /* Unmount all file systems in disk group dg */  
    
90. 
    
91.   fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
    
92. /* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0 */  
    
93. 
    
94.   fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
    
95. /* Check answering yes to all questions */  
    
96. 
    
97.   fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
    
98. /* Check using an alternate super block */  
    
99. 
    
100.   gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf -
     
101. /* Unpack .tar.gz files in place */  
     
102. 
     
103.   gzip -d -c tarball.tgz | (cd /[dir];tar xf - ) &
     
104. /* Unpacking tarballs to diff location */  
     
105. 
     
106.   ln [-fhns] <source file>; <destination file>;
     
107. /* Creating hard links and soft links */  
     
108. 
     
109.   ls -la | awk '{ print $5,"    ",$9 }' | sort -rn
     
110. /* File sizes of current directory */  
     
111. 
     
112.   mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos
     
113. /* Mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris */  
     
114. 
     
115.   mount -F ufs -o rw,remount /
     
116. /* Used to remount root to make it writeable */  
     
117. 
     
118.   mount -o remount,logging /spare
     
119. /* Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging */  
     
120. 
     
121.   pax -rw . /newdir
     
122. /* Efficient alternative for copying directories */  
     
123. 
     
124.   prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
     
125. /* Cloning Partitiontables */  
     
126. 
     
127.   tar cvf filename.tar
     
128. /* Create a tape (tar) archive */  
     
129. 
     
130.   tar xvf filename.tar
     
131. /* Extract a tape (tar) archive */  
     
132. 
     
133.   tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -)
     
134. /* Recursively copy files and their permissions */  
     
135. 
     
136.   /sbin/uadmin x x
     
137. /* Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast */  
     
138. 
     
139.   zcat [cpio file] | cpio -itmv
     
140. /* Show the contents of a compressed cpio */  
     
141. 
     
142.   zcat <patch_file.tar.Z | tar xvf -
     
143. /* Extract the patch_file that is a compressed tar file */  
     
144. 
     
145. File Transfer  
     
146. 
     
147.   get filename.suffix |"tar xf -"
     
148. /* Undocumented Feature of FTP */  
     
149. 
     
150.   put "| tar cf - ." filename.tar
     
151. /* Undocumented Feature of FTP */  
     
152. 
     
153.   find . -depth | cpio -pdmv /path/tobe/copied/to
     
154. /* Fast alternative to cp -pr */  
     
155. 
     
156.   sendport
     
157. /* Transferring large numbers of files within the same ftp control session */  
     
158. 
     
159. General  
     
160. 
     
161.   /usr/bin/catman -w
     
162. /* Create windex databases for man page directories */  
     
163. 
     
164.   FQ_FILENAME=<fully_qualified_file_name>;; echo ${FQ_FILENAME%/*}
     
165. /* Extract directory from fully-qualified file name. */  
     
166. 
     
167.   mailx -H -u <username>;
     
168. /* List out mail headers for specified user */  
     
169. 
     
170.   set filec
     
171. /* Set file-completion for csh */  
     
172. 
     
173.   uuencode [filename] [filename] | mailx -s "Subject" [user to mail]
     
174. /* Send files as attachments */  
     
175. 
     
176. Hardware  
     
177. 
     
178.   cfgadm
     
179. /* Verify reconfigurable hardware resources */  
     
180. 
     
181.   m64config -prconf
     
182. /* Print M64 hardware configuration */  
     
183. 
     
184.   m64config -depth 8|24
     
185. /* Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator */  
     
186. 
     
187.   m64config -res 'video_mode'
     
188. /* Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator */  
     
189. 
     
190. Kernel  
     
191. 
     
192.   /usr/sbin/modinfo
     
193. /* Display kernel module information */  
     
194. 
     
195.   /usr/sbin/modload <module>;
     
196. /* Load a kernel module */  
     
197. 
     
198.   /usr/sbin/modunload -i <module id>;
     
199. /* Unload a kernel module */  
     
200. 
     
201.   nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more
     
202. /* Tuneable kernel parameters */  
     
203. 
     
204.   /usr/sbin/sysdef
     
205. /* Show system kernal tunable details */  
     
206. 
     
207. Memory  
     
208. 
     
209.   prtconf | grep Mem
     
210. /* Display Memory Size */  
     
211. 
     
212. Network Information  
     
213. 
     
214.   ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report
     
215. /* Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address */  
     
216. 
     
217.   netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l
     
218. /* Displays number active established connections to the localhost */  
     
219. 
     
220.   netstat -k hme0
     
221. /* Undocumented netstat command */  
     
222. 
     
223.   netstat -i
     
224. /* Show the TCP/IP network interfaces */  
     
225. 
     
226.   netstat -np
     
227. /* Similar to arp -a without name resolution */  
     
228. 
     
229.   netstat -r
     
230. /* Show network route table */  
     
231. 
     
232.   netstat -rn
     
233. /* Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup. */  
     
234. 
     
235.   netstat -a | more
     
236. /* Show the state of all sockets */  
     
237. 
     
238.   traceroute <ipaddress>;
     
239. /* Follow the route to the ipaddress */  
     
240. 
     
241. Network/Tuning  
     
242. 
     
243.   ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500
     
244. /* Change MTU of interface */  
     
245. 
     
246.   ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255
     
247. /* Add an Interface */  
     
248. 
     
249.   /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx
     
250. /* Virtual Interfaces */  
     
251. 
     
252.   /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up
     
253. /* Bring virtual interface up */  
     
254. 
     
255.   /usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1
     
256. /* Nailling to 100Mbps */  
     
257. 
     
258.   ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192
     
259. /* To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses. */  
     
260. 
     
261.   ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535
     
262. /* Increase TCP-transmitbuffers */  
     
263. 
     
264.   ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535
     
265. /* Increase TCP-receivebuffers */  
     
266. 
     
267. Processes  
     
268. 
     
269.   fuser -uc /var
     
270. /* Processes that are running from /var */  
     
271. 
     
272.   kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep [p]roccess | awk '{print $2}'`
     
273. /* HUP any related process in one step */  
     
274. 
     
275.   lsof -i TCP:25
     
276. /* Mapping port with process */  
     
277. 
     
278.   pfiles <pid>;
     
279. /* Shows processes' current open files */  
     
280. 
     
281.   pkill -n <name>;
     
282. /* Kill a process by name */  
     
283. 
     
284.   kill `ps -ef | grep program_name | grep -v grep | cut -f8 -d ' '`
     
285. /* pkill for solaris 2.6 */  
     
286. 
     
287.   prstat -a
     
288. /* An alternative for top command */  
     
289. 
     
290.   /usr/ucb/ps -aux | more
     
291. /* Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order */  
     
292. 
     
293.   /usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep <process name>;
     
294. /* Gives the full listing of the process (long listing) */  
     
295. 
     
296.   ps -ef | grep -i <string>; | awk '{ print $2 }'
     
297. /* Creates list of running PID by */  
     
298. 
     
299.   ps -ef | grep -v "0:00" | more
     
300. /* Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00 */  
     
301. 
     
302.   ps -ef | more
     
303. /* Show all processes running */  
     
304. 
     
305.   ps -eo pid,args
     
306. /* List processes in simplified format */  
     
307. 
     
308.   ps -fu oracle|grep pmon
     
309. /* See which instances of Oracle are running */  
     
310. 
     
311.   /usr/proc/bin/ptree <pid>;
     
312. /* Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process */  
     
313. 
     
314.   /usr/proc/bin/pwdx <pid>;
     
315. /* Print the working directory of a process */  
     
316. 
     
317.   top -b 1
     
318. /* Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits */  
     
319. 
     
320. Resource Management  
     
321. 
     
322.   /usr/bin/ldd [filename]
     
323. /* List the dynamic dependencies of executable files */  
     
324. 
     
325.   /usr/proc/bin/pmap pid
     
326. /* Report address space map a process occupies */  
     
327. 
     
328. Route Configuration  
     
329. 
     
330.   route add net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 1
     
331. /* Adds route to 128.50 network via 128.50.1.6 */  
     
332. 
     
333.   route change 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.5
     
334. /* Changes the destination address for a route */  
     
335. 
     
336.   route delete net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6
     
337. /* Deletes route to 128.50 network */  
     
338. 
     
339.   route get [hostname]
     
340. /* Which interface will be used to contact hostname */  
     
341. 
     
342.   route monitor
     
343. /* Monitors traffic to the routes */  
     
344. 
     
345.   route flush
     
346. /* Removes all entries in the route table */  
     
347. 
     
348. Searching Items  
     
349. 
     
350.   egrep "patterna|patternb" <filename>;
     
351. /* Search for multiple patterns within the same file */  
     
352. 
     
353.   find . -exec egrep -li "str" {} \;
     
354. /* Find a string in files starting cwd */  
     
355. 
     
356.   find / -fstype nfs -prune -o fstype autofs -prune -o -name filename -print
     
357. /* Find without traversing NFS mounted file systems */  
     
358. 
     
359.   find . -mtime -1 -type f
     
360. /* Find recently modified files */
     
361.   
     
362.   find / -mtime <# of days>;
     
363. /* Find files modified during the past # of days */
     
364. 
     
365.   find . ! -mtime -<days>; | /usr/bin/xargs rm -rf
     
366. /* Finds and removes files older than <days>; specified */  
     
367. 
     
368.   find . -type f -exec grep "<sub-string>;" {} \; -print
     
369. /* Find files (and content) containing <sub-string>; within directory tree */  
     
370. 
     
371.   find . -type f -exec grep -l "<sub-string>;" {} \;
     
372. /* Find filenames containing <sub-string>; within directory tree */  
     
373. 
     
374.   find . -type f -print | xargs grep -i [PATTERN]
     
375. /* Recursive grep on files */  
     
376. 
     
377.   find / -user <username>;
     
378. /* Find all files owned by <username>; */  
     
379. 
     
380.   find / | grep [file mask]
     
381. /* Fast way to search for files */  
     
382. 
     
383.   find <start_path>; -name "<file_name>;" -exec rm -rf {} \;
     
384. /* Recursively finds files by name and automatically removes them */  
     
385. 
     
386.   find /proc/*/fd -links 0 -type f -size +2000 -ls
     
387. /* Find large files held open by a process */  
     
388. 
     
389.   ls -lR | grep <sub_string>;
     
390. /* Fast alternative to find */  
     
391. 
     
392. Security  
     
393. 
     
394.   echo 'Please go away' >; /etc/nologin
     
395. /* Stops users logging in */  
     
396. 
     
397.   find / -perm -0777 -type d -ls
     
398. /* Find all your writable directories */  
     
399. 
     
400.   find / -type f -perm -2000 -print
     
401. /* Find all SGID files */  
     
402. 
     
403.   find / -type f -perm -4000 -print
     
404. /* find all SUID files */  
     
405. 
     
406. Set Terminal Options  
     
407. 
     
408.   stty erase ^H
     
409. /* Sets the Backspace Key to erase */  
     
410. 
     
411.   stty erase ^?
     
412. /* Sets the Delete Key to erase */  
     
413. 
     
414.   stty sane
     
415. /* Rreset terminal after viewing a binary file. */  
     
416. 
     
417.   tput rmacs
     
418. /* Reset to standard char set */  
     
419. 
     
420. Snoop Your Network  
     
421. 
     
422.   snoop -d pcelx0
     
423. /* Watch all network packets on device pcelx0 */  
     
424. 
     
425.   snoop -o /tmp/mylog pcelx0
     
426. /* Saves packets from device pcelx0 to a file */  
     
427. 
     
428.   snoop -i /tmp/mylog host1 host2
     
429. /* View packets from logfile between host1 & host2 */  
     
430. 
     
431.   snoop -i /tmp/mylog -v -p101
     
432. /* Show all info on packet number 101 from a logfile */  
     
433. 
     
434.   snoop -i /tmp/mylog -o /tmp/newlog host1
     
435. /* Write a new logfile with all host1 packets */  
     
436. 
     
437.   snoop -s 120
     
438. /* Return the first 120 bytes in the packet header */  
     
439. 
     
440.   snoop -v arp
     
441. /* Capture arp broadcasts on your network */  
     
442. 
     
443. Swap File  
     
444. 
     
445.   mkfile -v 10m /export/disk1/myswap
     
446. /* Makes a 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */  
     
447. 
     
448.   mkfile -nv 10m /export/disk1/myswap
     
449. /* Makes an empty 10 Megabyte swapfile */  
     
450. 
     
451. Swap Space  
     
452. 
     
453.   swap -s
     
454. /* List the amount of swap space available, also see mkfile */  
     
455. 
     
456.   swap -a /export/disk1/swapfile
     
457. /* Add a swapfile */  
     
458. 
     
459.   swap -d /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4
     
460. /* Deletes a swap device */  
     
461. 
     
462.   swap -l
     
463. /* List the current swap devices */  
     
464. 
     
465. System Configuration  
     
466. 
     
467.   drvconfig ; disks
     
468. /* Adding hot-plug disks to system */  
     
469. 
     
470.   /usr/sbin/eeprom auto-boot? false
     
471. /* Changes eeprom autoboot? setting without going to Ok prompt */  
     
472. 
     
473.   /usr/sbin/eeprom diag-switch? true
     
474. /* Set the system to perform diagnostics on the next reboot. */  
     
475. 
     
476.   /usr/sbin/eeprom local-mac-address?=true
     
477. /* Multiple Port Network Card Setting */  
     
478. 
     
479.   /usr/sbin/grpck
     
480. /* Check /etc/group file syntax */  
     
481. 
     
482.   /usr/sbin/pwck
     
483. /* Check /etc/passwd file syntax */  
     
484. 
     
485.   /usr/sbin/sys-unconfig
     
486. /* Clear host specific network configuration information */  
     
487. 
     
488. System Information and Monitoring  
     
489. 
     
490.   coreadm -e log
     
491. /* Report global core */  
     
492. 
     
493.   /bin/echo "0t${stamp}>;Y\n<Y=Y" | adb
     
494. /* Convert UNIX timestamp to something human-readable */  
     
495. 
     
496.   /usr/sbin/eeprom
     
497. /* Show eeprom parameters */  
     
498. 
     
499.   grep "\-root" /var/adm/sulog | grep -v \+ | tail -25
     
500. /* List most recent attempts to switch to superuser account. */  
     
501. 
     
502.   isainfo -bv
     
503. /* Quickly checkout if machine is in 32 or 64 bit mode */  
     
504. 
     
505.   last
     
506. /* Tells who was or still is on the system */  
     
507. 
     
508.   logger -i
     
509. /* Log the process ID */  
     
510. 
     
511.   psradm -f [processor id]
     
512. /* Take processor offline */  
     
513. 
     
514.   /usr/sbin/prtconf -vp
     
515. /* Show system configuration details */  
     
516. 
     
517.   /usr/platform/`/bin/uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v
     
518. /* System Diagnostics */  
     
519. 
     
520.   prtconf -pv | grep banner-name |awk -F\' ' { print $2 } ' | head -1
     
521. /* Show actual model name of machine */  
     
522. 
     
523.   psrinfo | wc -l
     
524. /* Display number of processors */  
     
525. 
     
526.   sar -A <time in sec>;
     
527. /* Provides cumulative system report. */  
     
528. 
     
529.   sar -a <time in sec>;
     
530. /* Report use of file access system routines. */  
     
531. 
     
532.   sar -u
     
533. /* Report CPU Utilization */  
     
534. 
     
535.   telnet <remote machine>; 13 | grep ':'
     
536. /* Get the time on remote Unix machine */  
     
537. 
     
538.   uname -a
     
539. /* Displays system information */  
     
540. 
     
541.   vmstat 10
     
542. /* Displays summary of what the system is doing every 10 seconds */  
     
543. 
     
544.   who -b
     
545. /* Displays the date of the last system reboot. */  
     
546. 
     
547.   ypcat hosts | sort -n -t. +0 -1 +1 -2 +2 -3 +3 -4
     
548. /* Take the input of "ypcat hosts" or "cat /etc/inet/hosts" and sort by IP. */  
     
549. 
     

复制代码

C.Arthur

非常感谢，鼓励一下

YeLLoW

感谢！！学习！！

陈小奚

要仔细品味，相信你也会发现：哦？！xxx命令原来这样用才更好啊~
我当初发现了这个dos2unix | -ascii <filename>;，才解决了一个摸索了好久的文件转换怪问题，原来解决方法是这么的简单的啊。
我以前还在本版发了一个检查系统配置的script,呵呵，可以用这里的命令补充功能的哦~

nanaskylead

metor可以下岗了。。。。。。

giant

不错，谢谢

roger0409

顶

beginner-bj

原帖由 "陈小奚" 发表：
要仔细品味，相信你也会发现：哦？！xxx命令原来这样用才更好啊~
我当初发现了这个dos2unix | -ascii <filename>;，才解决了一个摸索了好久的文件转换怪问题，原来解决方法是这么的简单的啊。
我以前还在本版..........

同意。

bakeral

好东东，拷下来慢慢看

hellodx

好，谢谢~！