OCR与Voting Disk以及其管理

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Oracle Clusterware由2部分组成，分别是Voting Disk和 OCR。Voting Disk里面记录着节点成员的信息。如RAC数据库中有哪些节点成员，节点增加或者删除时也同样会将信息记录进来。Voting Disk必须存放在共享存储上，通常来说是存放在裸设备上。为了保证Voting Disk的安全，需要配置多个Voting Disk，Oracle建议Voting Disk的个数应该为奇数个，如 1、3、5个，每个Voting Disk的大小约为20MB。
OCR 记录的是节点成员的配置信息，如数据库、ASM、实例、监听器、VIP等CRS资源的配置信息。CRS进程管理的信息来自OCR的内容。OCR存储的配置信息是以目录树的形式来记录一系列“键-值”对应信息的。OCR记录着 CRS进程管理资源的所有配置信息。大小约为100MB。
对Voting Disk的更改必须用root来进行。
添加一个Voting Disk成员：crsctl add css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'
删除一个Voting Disk成员：crsctl delete css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'

对OCR的增加、删除和替代配置可以由root用户通过ocrconfig -replace来操作：
ocrconfig -replace /dev/raw/raw1

注意：增加、删除Voting Disk及恢复Voting Disk和OCR时，RAC中的所有资源都必须停止。

Voting Disk和OCR存放的信息是至关重要的，一旦他们丢失或者损坏的话，Clusterware将无法启动，这样整个RAC都无法启动。因此需要对 Voting Disk和OCR进行完备的备份。

对Voting Disk的备份操作可以通过dd命令来操作。
查看位置：
#crsctl query css votedisk
备份操作：
#dd if=/dev/raw/raw2 f=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak
恢复操作：
#dd if=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak f=/dev/raw/raw2

默认情况下，RAC会在其中一个节点上每4个小时都自动备份一次OCR。并保留最近的3次备份，另外还保留最近两天以及最近两个周末的备份。这个可以通过命令ocrconfig -showbackup来查看。OCR默认的备份路径为$CRS_HOME/cdata/crs。可以通过ocrconfig -backuploc来更改OCR的备份路径。OCR自动备份的时间间隔无法修改。我们还可以通过ocrconfig -export 来到处OCR的内容，也可以通过通过ocrconfig -import导入OCR的内容。

可以用ocrconfig -restore 命令对OCR进行恢复。
./ocrconfig -restore /u01/oracle/product/10g/crs/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr

添加Voting Disk:
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk addition
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force
Now formatting voting disk: /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
successful addition of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2. chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
[root@rhel1 bin]# /etc/init.crs start
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
1. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
注意：add voting disk必须是所有服务都关闭的情况下完成。
添加OCR镜像:
[root@rhel1 bin]# touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2756
Available space (kbytes) : 259364
ID : 2062708016
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
注意：add ocr可以是在线完成。

删除OCR镜像：
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2756
Available space (kbytes) : 259364
ID : 2062708016
Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
[root@rhel1 bin]#cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted
ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr

删除Voting Disk：
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2
Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force
successful deletion of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2.
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
located 1 votedisk(s).

备份、恢复Voting Disk：
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs
Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
[root@rhel1 bin]# dd if=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk f=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak //备份,ocfs2也可直接copy
20000+0 records in
20000+0 records out
10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.301106 seconds, 34.0 MB/s
[root@rhel1 bin]# rm -rf /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]#dd if=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak f=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk //恢复,ocfs2也可直接copy
20000+0 records in
20000+0 records out
10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.173678 seconds, 59.0 MB/s
[root@rhel1 bin]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]# chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk
[root@rhel1 bin]#/etc/init.d/init.crs start
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
[root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy

备份、恢复OCR：

1.还原自动备份文件：
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@rhel1 bin]# cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
#Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted
ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
local_only=false
[root@rhel1 bin]# mv /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr_bak
[root@rhel1 crs_1]# cd cdata
[root@rhel1 cdata]# cd crs
[root@rhel1 crs]# ll
total 23144
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 11:00 13968559
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 07:00 33426182
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3182592 Mar 8 15:17 34809936
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 27 09:38 backup00.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 8 06:02 backup01.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 backup02.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 day.ocr
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 week.ocr
[root@rhel1 crs]# cd ../../bin
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr
PROT-16: Internal Error
[root@rhel1 bin]#touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr
[root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
[root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy

其他：
./ocrconfig -showbackup //查看自动备份。
./ocrconfig -backuploc <dirname> //改变自动备份目录

本文来自CSDN博客，转自http://blog.csdn.net/inthirties/archive/2010/03/30/5431368.aspx