Oracle维护常用SQL语句

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1、查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size

from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d

where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name

group by t.tablespace_name;


2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,

round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space

from dba_data_files

order by tablespace_name;



3、查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,

(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,

max_extents, v.curext CurExtent

From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v

Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)

order by segment_name ;



4、查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile;



5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile;



6、查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name

from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name;



SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,

(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"

FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C

WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;



7、查看数据库库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;



8、查看数据库的版本　

Select version FROM Product_component_version

Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)=''Oracle'';



9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;



10、捕捉运行很久的SQL

column username format a12

column opname format a16

column progress format a8



select username,sid,opname,

round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) 　　 ''%'' as progress,

time_remaining,sql_text

from v$session_longops , v$sql

where time_remaining <> 0

and sql_address = address

and sql_hash_value = hash_value

/



11、查看数据表的参数信息

SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,

pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,

next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,

freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,

empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,

last_analyzed

FROM dba_tab_partitions

--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner

ORDER BY partition_position



12、查看还没提交的事务

select * from v$locked_object;

select * from v$transaction;



13、查找object为哪些进程所用

select

p.spid,

s.sid,

s.serial# serial_num,

s.username user_name,

a.type object_type,

s.osuser os_user_name,

a.owner,

a.object object_name,

decode(sign(48 - command),

1,

to_char(command), ''Action Code #'' 　　 to_char(command) ) action,

p.program oracle_process,

s.terminal terminal,

s.program program,

s.status session_status

from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p

where s.paddr = p.addr and

s.type = ''USER'' and

a.sid = s.sid and

a.object=''SUBSCRIBER_ATTR''

order by s.username, s.osuser



14、回滚段查看

select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents

Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,

v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,

sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,

v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and

v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum



15、耗资源的进程（top session）

select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,

to_char(command), ''Action Code #'' 　　 to_char(command) ) action, status

session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,

nvl(s.username, ''[Oracle process]'') user_name, s.terminal terminal,

s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$processp

where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number(''38'') and (''ALL'' = ''ALL''

or s.status = ''ALL'') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc

16、查看锁（lock）情况

select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,

decode(ls.type, ''RW'', ''Row wait enqueue lock'', ''TM'', ''DML enqueue lock'', ''TX'',

''Transaction enqueue lock'', ''UL'', ''User supplied lock'') lock_type,

o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, ''Row Share'', 3,

''Row Exclusive'', 4, ''Share'', 5, ''Share Row Exclusive'', 6, ''Exclusive'', null)

lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2

from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,

l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,

v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner

<> ''SYS'' order by o.owner, o.object_name



17、查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value

FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN (''db block gets'',

''consistent gets'') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count



18、查看sga情况

SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC



19、查看catched object

SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,

type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,

locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache



20、查看V$SQLAREA

SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,

VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,

USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,

BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA



21、查看object分类数量

select decode (o.type#,1,''INDEX'' , 2,''TABLE'' , 3 , ''CLUSTER'' , 4, ''VIEW'' , 5 ,

''SYNONYM'' , 6 , ''SEQUENCE'' , ''OTHER'' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from

sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,''INDEX'' , 2,''TABLE'' , 3

, ''CLUSTER'' , 4, ''VIEW'' , 5 , ''SYNONYM'' , 6 , ''SEQUENCE'' , ''OTHER'' ) union select

''COLUMN'' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select ''DB LINK'' , count(*) from



22、按用户查看object种类

select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,

sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))

clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,

NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,

sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))

others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =

o.owner# and u.name <> ''PUBLIC'' group by u.name order by

sys.link$ union select ''CONSTRAINT'' , count(*) from sys.con$



23、有关connection的相关信息

1）查看有哪些用户连接

select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),

''Action Code #'' 　　 to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,

status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,

s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '''' query,

0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num

from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = ''USER''

order by s.username, s.osuser

2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

select n.name,

v.value,

n.class,

n.statistic#

from v$statname n,

v$sesstat v

where v.sid = 71 and

v.statistic# = n.statistic#

order by n.class, n.statistic#

3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */

command_type,

sql_text,

sharable_mem,

persistent_mem,

runtime_mem,

sorts,

version_count,

loaded_versions,

open_versions,

users_opening,

executions,

users_executing,

loads,

first_load_time,

invalidations,

parse_calls,

disk_reads,

buffer_gets,

rows_processed,

sysdate start_time,

sysdate finish_time,

''>'' 　　 address sql_address,

''N'' status

from v$sqlarea

where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)



24、查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",

100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",

round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",

round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",

round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",

Largest "最大扩展段(M)",

to_char(sysdate,''yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'') "采样时间"

from (select f.tablespace_name,

sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,

sum(decode(f.autoextensible,''YES'',f.maxbytes,''NO'',f.bytes)) maxbytes

from dba_data_files f

group by tablespace_name) a,

(select f.tablespace_name,

sum(f.bytes) bytes_free

from dba_free_space f

group by tablespace_name) b,

(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,

ts.name tablespace_name

from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts

where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#

group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c

where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name



25、 查询表空间的碎片程度

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name

having count(tablespace_name)>10; 　　

alter tablespace name coalesce;

alter table name deallocate unused; 　　

create or replace view ts_blocks_v as

select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,''free space'' segment_name from dba_free_space

union all

select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; 　　

select * from ts_blocks_v; 　　

select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name;