Basic Debian Setup as Desktop 对于服务器市场(Debian占有率真高^_^)

ulovko

1> 安装镜像和安装介质的选择 (这里使用amd64CD)

官方简体中文教程：http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/
最新版HTML/PDF格式：http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference
Debian6.0.7.zip (8.31 MB, 下载次数: 41)

2013-04-04 16:26 上传

点击文件名下载附件

[上述附件包含：
debian6.0.5-amd64-Installation-Guide_en_US.pdf
debian6.0.5-amd64_Installation-Guide-zh_CN/
debian6.0.5-debian-referenceCard_zh_CN.pdf
debian6.0.5-debian-reference_zh_CN/
debian6.0.5-securing-debian-HowTo.en_US.pdf
]
ubuntu 11.10 官方简体中文桌面入门教程：  http://people.ubuntu.com/~happyaron/udc-cn/
下载地址： http://people.ubuntu.com/~happya ... e-book-lucid-r1.pdf
ubuntu 11.10 官方英文教程： http://ubuntu-manual.org/
下载地址：  http://files.ubuntu-manual.org/m ... 0Ubuntu%2011.10.pdf


FTP/HTTP 下载模式(http://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp/#mirrors)：

1. 
   
2. netinst.iso: 包含了debian基础安装的镜像文件(169MB)
   
3. axel -a 'http://mirrors.163.com/debian-cd/6.0.5/amd64/iso-cd/debian-6.0.5-amd64-netinst.iso'
   
4. 
   
5. xfce+lxde-CD-1.iso: 包含了xfce和lxde图形界面的镜像文件(646MB)
   
6. axel -a 'http://mirrors.163.com/debian-cd/6.0.5/amd64/iso-cd/debian-6.0.5-amd64-xfce+lxde-CD-1.iso'
   

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jigdo下载模式(http://atterer.org/jigdo/)：
注意必须用到的两个文件 .jigdo .template (http://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd/)
debianMirror: http://www.debian.org/mirror/list

windows版:

1. http://atterer.org/sites/atterer/files/2009-08/jigdo/jigdo-win-0.7.2.zip
   
2. 下载后运行 jigdo-lite.bat 一路回车，当前目录下会生成文件 jigdo-lite-settings.txt
   
3. 修改成下面这样保存即可！
   
4. ---------------------------------------
   
5. jigdo='http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/6.0.5/amd64/jigdo-cd/debian-6.0.5-amd64-netinst.jigdo'
   
6. debianMirror='http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/'
   
7. nonusMirror='http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian/'
   
8. tmpDir='.'
   
9. jigdoOpts='--cache jigdo-file-cache.db'
   
10. wgetOpts='--passive-ftp --dot-style=mega --continue --timeout=30'
    
11. scanMenu=''
    
12. ---------------------------------------
    
13. 运行 jigdo-lite.bat 根据提示操作即可！
    
14. Files to scan:  Enter
    
15. Debian mirror:  Enter
    
16. 自动下载 .jigdo .template 文件
    
17. 自动下载相关文件 - 自动组成镜像文件...

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FreeBSD版:

1. # cd /usr/ports && make quicksearch key=jigdo
   
2. Port:   jigdo-0.7.3_5
   
3. Path:   /usr/ports/net-p2p/jigdo
   
4. Info:   A utility used to retrieve very large files over the Internet
   
5. 
   
6. # cd /usr/ports/net-p2p/jigdo
   
7. # more pkg-descr
   
8. This is a port of Jigsaw Download (AKA jigdo) which is a tool designed to
   
9. ease the distribution of very large files over the Internet, for example
   
10. CD or DVD images.
    
11. 
    
12. Main features:
    
13.     - The large images does not need to be stored on the server, instead only
    
14.       the small files contained in the images (works with CD, DVD images,
    
15.       uncompressed zip files, tar archives...)
    
16.     - In spite of the above, jigdo creates a bit-exact copy of the image on the
    
17.       user's machine (to achieve this, the directory data, boot block, etc. of
    
18.       the image is stored in a special .template file which is distributes
    
19.       alongside the .jigdo file)
    
20.     - There is full control over where jigdo-lite will download the individual
    
21.       parts. It is possible to define mirrors, so users can choose the nearest
    
22.       one.
    
23.     - jigdo relies on standard HTTP/FTP, no special protocols needed.
    
24.     - jigdo-lite supports resuming aborted downloads, or continuing the
    
25.       download with another mirror if the current one is slow.
    
26.     - It is possible to "upgrade" the CD image, only the changed data will be
    
27.       downloaded.
    
28. # make BATCH=YES install clean
    
29. 
    
30. # vim ~/.jigdo-lite
    
31. jigdo='http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/6.0.5/amd64/jigdo-cd/debian-6.0.5-amd64-netinst.jigdo'
    
32. debianMirror='http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/'
    
33. nonusMirror='http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian/'
    
34. tmpDir='.'
    
35. jigdoOpts='--cache jigdo-file-cache.db'
    
36. wgetOpts='--passive-ftp --dot-style=mega --continue --timeout=30'
    
37. scanMenu=''
    
38. :wq
    
39. 
    
40. # jigdo-lite      (按照提示操作)
    
41. 自动下载 .jigdo .template 文件
    
42. 自动下载相关文件 - 自动组成镜像文件...

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2> 开始安装Debian6.0.5(严重建议安装时，使用英文；虽然我选择了中文，切记哦！)

一些对话框可能会提供额外的帮助信息。如果有帮助信息，它们将在屏幕的最下面一行提示，可以通过 F1 键访问这些帮助信息。
错误信息和日志被重定向到第四个控制台。您可以通过按下 Left Alt+F4 (按住左 Alt 键同时按下 F4 功能键)访问该控制台；返回主安装进程使用 Left Alt+F1。
这些信息还可以在 /var/log/syslog 里找到。完成安装之后，该记录会被复制到您新系统中的 /var/log/debian-installer/syslog。
其它的安装信息安装时可以在 /var/log/ 找到。在系统重新启动后记录的地方是 /var/log/installer/。

3> 进入Debian6.0.5

1. 
   
2. 网络配置：
   
3. ko@debian6:~$ vim /etc/network/interfaces
   
4. # To use dhcp:
   
5. #
   
6. # auto eth0
   
7. # iface eth0 inet dhcp
   
8. 
   
9. # An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)
   
10. #
    
11. # auto eth0
    
12. # iface eth0 inet static
    
13. # address 192.168.0.42
    
14. # network 192.168.0.0
    
15. # netmask 255.255.255.0
    
16. # broadcast 192.168.0.255
    
17. # gateway 192.168.0.1
    
18. :wq
    
19. 更多参照：debian6.0.5-amd64-Installation-Guide_en_US.pdf (D.3.4.4. Configure Networking)
    
20. 
    
21. ko@debian6:~$ vim /etc/resolv.conf
    
22. search debian.org
    
23. nameserver 10.1.1.36
    
24. nameserver 192.168.9.100
    
25. :wq
    
26. 
    
27. ko@debian6:~[        DISCUZ_CODE_13        ]nbsp; pwd
    
28. /home/ko
    
29. ko@debian6:~[        DISCUZ_CODE_13        ]nbsp; alias
    
30. alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    
31. ko@debian6:~[        DISCUZ_CODE_13        ]nbsp; vi ~/.bashrc
    
32. 第80行
    
33. # some more ls aliases
    
34. alias ll='ls -l'
    
35. alias la='ls -A'
    
36. alias l='ls -CF'
    
37. :wq
    
38. ko@debian6:~[        DISCUZ_CODE_13        ]nbsp; source ~/.bashrc
    
39. ko@debian6:~[        DISCUZ_CODE_13        ]nbsp; alias
    
40. alias l='ls -CF'
    
41. alias la='ls -A'
    
42. alias ll='ls -l'
    
43. alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    
44. 
    
45. 
    
46. 添加locales 多语言支持：
    
47. [b]（正如安装时所提示，请使用英文安装，那么现在我们来添加中文支持。）[/b]
    
48. ko@debian6:~$ aptitude install locales
    
49. ko@debian6:~$ dpkg-reconfigure locales
    
50. 区域语言选择：zh_CN.UTF-8
    
51. 默认语言选择：en_US.UTF-8
    
52. 
    
53. [b][color=Yellow]细心的同学会注意到，安装时，instruction明确指出中文会显示成乱码；所以才有此设置！[/color][/b]
    
54. 
    
55. ko@debian6:~$ more /etc/default/locale
    
56. # File generated by update-locale
    
57. LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    
58. 
    
59. 更多请参看： debian6.0.5-amd64-Installation-Guide_en_US.pdf (D.3.4.6. Configure Locales and Keyboard)
    

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4> 配置 sources.list 并安装 VIM

1. ko@debian6:~$ su -
   
2. 密码：
   
3. root@debian6:~# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
   
4. root@debian6:~# vi /etc/apt/sources.list                     (编辑更新服务器列表)
   
5. # main
   
6. deb http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
   
7. deb-src http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
   
8. 
   
9. deb http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
   
10. deb-src http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
    
11. 
    
12. # updates
    
13. deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib
    
14. deb-src http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib
    
15. 
    
16. # jessie-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
    
17. deb http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
    
18. deb-src http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
    
19. 
    
20. deb http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
    
21. deb-src http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
    
22. 
    
23. :wq
    
24. 
    
25. root@debian6:~# aptitude update                                (更新软件包列表)
    
26. root@debian6:~# aptitude safe-upgrade                          (更新所有软件)
    
27. 
    
28. MORE ABOUT：https://wiki.debian.org/DebianPackageManagement
    
29. 
    
30. root@debian6:~# aptitude install vim
    
31. root@debian6:~# vim ~/.vimrc
    
32. set nomodeline                (这个一定要写，目前有这个安装漏洞）
    
33. set nocp
    
34. set hls is
    
35. set ic
    
36. set cindent
    
37. set autoindent
    
38. set backspace=2
    
39. set nobackup
    
40. set noswapfile
    
41. set shiftwidth=2
    
42. set tabstop=2
    
43. set softtabstop=2
    
44. set expandtab
    
45. set ruler
    
46. set mouse=v
    
47. syntax on
    
48. "set bg=dark                (更改背景色调/默认为light, " 为注释！)
    
49. :wq               (详情：vimtutor)
    

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5> 安装WQY字库/ibus-pinyin输入法/mplayer播放器/chromium浏览器/axel下载利器

1. root@debian6:~# aptitude install xfonts-wqy ttf-wqy-zenhei tty-wqy-microhei ttf-arphic-uming ttf-dejavu
   
2. root@debian6:~# aptitude install ibus-pinyin
   
3. root@debian6:~# aptitude install mplayer
   
4. root@debian6:~# aptitude install chromium
   
5. root@debian6:~# aptitude install axel
   
6. 
   

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6> Debian占有率真高^_^



Dia is a GTK+ based diagram creation program for GNU/Linux, MacOS X, Unix, and Windows, and is released under the GPL license.
Dia is roughly inspired by the commercial Windows program 'Visio,' though more geared towards informal diagrams for casual use.
https://live.gnome.org/Dia

https://live.gnome.org/Dia/Examples

1. 
   
2. root@debian6:~# aptitude search dia|more
   
3. root@debian6:~# aptitude install dia
   

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7> vsftpd

1. 
   
2. root@debian6:~# aptitude install vsftpd
   
3. 
   
4. root@debian6:~# cd /srv/ftp; mkdir pub
   
5. root@debian6:~# chown -R root:ftp /srv/ftp
   
6. root@debian6:~# vim /etc/vsftpd.conf
   

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There are three simple utilities to manage your startup or init scripts

1. 
   
2. root@debian6:~# /etc/init.d/vsftpd status
   
3. root@debian6:~# invoke-rc.d vsftpd status   (相当于Redhat系列 service vsftpd status)
   
4. root@debian6:~# update-rc.d vsftpd enable 2 3 4 5  
   
5. root@debian6:~# aptitude install rcconf         (相当于Redhat系列 setup)
   
6. 
   
7. root@debian6:~# aptitude install sysv-rc-conf   
   
8. root@debian6:~# sysv-rc-conf --level 2345 vsftpd on (相当于Redhat系列 chkconfig --level 2345 vsftpd on)
   
9. 
   

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8> sudo

1. 
   
2. root@debian6:~# adduser ko sudo
   
3. 
   
4. root@debian6:~# 注销系统
   
5. 
   

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10> Reserved for future use....


Basic FreeBSD Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751834-1-1.html
Basic NetBSD Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751787-1-1.html
Basic OpenBSD Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751016-1-1.html
Basic Debian Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751791-1-1.html
Basic Ubuntu Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3746337-1-1.html
Basic Fedora Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3761672-1-1.html

ulovko

centos和debian真的是不相上下！

obsd178

以前玩过 ubuntu，据我所知debian是ubuntu的长辈{:2_178:}

dooros

等7.0，6.0的驱动不太给力……

shang2010

obsd178 发表于 2012-06-09 19:55
以前玩过 ubuntu，据我所知debian是ubuntu的长辈

ubuntu有自己的观点，但具我所知
debian testing = ubuntu release

kaffeine

不错，谢谢分享。

zongg

不错,我没有用过,只是安装上了看看.听说debian 很厉害.

小丶力丫

很久之前玩过debian 呵呵。自从工作一直在用centos。  你内版主没申请下来？

freedos520

很详细，我也安装了个。