[原创] Redis实战《红丸出品》4.2 Redis高级实用特性之主从复制

cd红丸

4.2 主从复制

redis主从复制配置和使用都非常简单。通过主从复制可以允许多个slave server拥有和master server相同的数据库副本。

4.2.1 redis主从复制特点:

(1)、master可以拥有多个slave

(2)、多个slave可以连接同一个master外，还可以连接到其他slave

(3)、主从复制不会阻塞master，在同步数据时，master可以继续处理client请求

(4)、提高系统的伸缩性

4.2.2 redis主从复制过程:

当配置好slave后，slave与master建立连接，然后发送sync命令。无论是第一次连接还是重新连接，master都会启动一个后台进程，将数据库快照保存到文件中，同时master主进程会开始收集新的写命令并缓存。后台进程完成写文件后，master就发送文件给slave，slave将文件保存到硬盘上，再加载到内存中，接着master就会把缓存的命令转发给slave，后续master将收到的写命令发送给slave。如果master同时收到多个slave发来的同步连接命令，master只会启动一个进程来写数据库镜像，然后发送给所有的slave。

4.2.3 如何配置

配置slave服务器很简单，只需要在slave的配置文件中加入如下配置

slaveof 192.168.1.1 6379  #指定master的ip和端口

下面我们做一个实验来演示如何搭建一个主从环境:

# slaveof <masterip> <masterport> slaveof localhost 6379

我们在一台机器上启动主库(端口6379)，从库(端口637

启动后主库控制台日志如下:

[root@localhost redis-2.2.12]# src/redis-server redis.conf [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:12 * Server started, Redis version 2.2.12 [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:12 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect. [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:12 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379 [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:13 - 0 clients connected (0 slaves), 539512 bytes in use [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:18 - 0 clients connected (0 slaves), 539512 bytes in use [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:20 - Accepted 127.0.0.1:37789 [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Slave ask for synchronization [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Starting BGSAVE for SYNC [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Background saving started by pid 7067 [7067] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * DB saved on disk [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Background saving terminated with success [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Synchronization with slave succeeded [7064] 09 Aug 20:13:23 - 0 clients connected (1 slaves), 547380 bytes in use

启动后从库控制台日志如下:

[root@localhost redis-2.2.12]# src/redis-server redis.slave [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Server started, Redis version 2.2.12 [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect. [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6378 [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 - 0 clients connected (0 slaves), 539548 bytes in use [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Connecting to MASTER... [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync started: SYNC sent [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: receiving 10 bytes from master [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Loading DB in memory [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Finished with success [7068] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * SYNC append only file rewrite performed [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:20 * Background append only file rewriting started by pid 7068 [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:21 * Background append only file rewriting terminated with success [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:21 * Parent diff flushed into the new append log file with success (0 bytes) [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:21 * Append only file successfully rewritten. [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:21 * The new append only file was selected for future appends. [7066] 09 Aug 20:13:25 - 1 clients connected (0 slaves), 547396 bytes in use

我们在主库上设置一对键值对

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> set name HongWan OK redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

在从库上取一下这个键

redis 127.0.0.1:6378> get name "HongWan" redis 127.0.0.1:6378>

说明主从是同步正常的.

那么我们如何判断哪个是主哪个是从呢?我们只需调用info这个命令就可以得到主从的信息了,我们在从库上执行info命令

redis 127.0.0.1:6378> info . . . role:slave master_host:localhost master_port:6379 master_link_status:up master_last_io_seconds_ago:10 master_sync_in_progress:0 db0:keys=1,expires=0 redis 127.0.0.1:6378>

里面有一个角色标识,来判断是主库还是从库,对于本例是一个从库，同时还有一个master_link_status用于标明主从是否异步，如果此值=up，说明同步正常；如果此值=down，说明同步异步；

db0:keys=1,expires=0， 用于说明数据库有几个key,以及过期key的数量。
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《MongoDB管理与开发精要》、《Redis实战》作者
ChinaUnix.net专家 http://cdhongwan.blog.chinaunix.net
@CD红丸           http://weibo.com/u/2446082491

WaterDrops

这么好的东西怎么没人顶呢，谢谢分享