python使用 dir(模块)查看模块下的函数，类和属性时，我如何知道哪些是类，哪些是函数

274920831

我一直以为 dir(模块名) 下面出现的只有函数和属性.
例如：
difflib这个模块：
>>> import difflib
>>> dir(difflib)
['Differ', 'HtmlDiff', 'IS_CHARACTER_JUNK', 'IS_LINE_JUNK', 'Match', 'SequenceMatcher', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_calculate_ratio', '_count_leading', '_file_template', '_format_range_context', '_format_range_unified', '_legend', '_mdiff', '_namedtuple', '_styles', '_table_template', '_test', 'context_diff', 'get_close_matches', 'heapq', 'ndiff', 'reduce', 'restore', 'unified_diff']

像Differ和HtmlDiff是这个difflib模块的函数。

但是在这个文章里面：
http://blog.csdn.net/lockey23/article/details/77913855

又声称

class difflib.SequenceMatcher  ， class difflib.Differ  ，class difflib.HtmlDiff         

difflib的这几个函数是类。


我的问题是：

'Differ', 'HtmlDiff'这个到底是类还是函数？ 做为一个模块的函数和类有什么关系和区别吗？

jason680

回复 1# 274920831

would you like the getattr function

>>> dir(difflib)
['Differ', 'HtmlDiff', 'IS_CHARACTER_JUNK', 'IS_LINE_JUNK', 'Match', 'SequenceMatcher', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_calculate_ratio', '_check_types', '_count_leading', '_file_template', '_format_range_context', '_format_range_unified', '_legend', '_mdiff', '_namedtuple', '_nlargest', '_styles', '_table_template', '_test', 'context_diff', 'diff_bytes', 'get_close_matches', 'ndiff', 'restore', 'unified_diff']
>>> for x in dir(difflib):
...   print(x, getattr(difflib,x))
...
Differ <class 'difflib.Differ'>
HtmlDiff <class 'difflib.HtmlDiff'>
IS_CHARACTER_JUNK <function IS_CHARACTER_JUNK at 0x7fb58f685048>
IS_LINE_JUNK <function IS_LINE_JUNK at 0x7fb58f682b70>
Match <class 'difflib.Match'>
...
ndiff <function ndiff at 0x7fb58efa8ae8>
restore <function restore at 0x7fb58efa8bf8>
unified_diff <function unified_diff at 0x7fb58efa8840>

274920831

回复 2# jason680

When I use this , it report error:
>>> for x in dir(difflib):
... print(x, getattr(difflib,x))
  File "<stdin>", line 2
    print(x, getattr(difflib,x))
        ^
IndentationError: expected an indented block


What's wrong cause this error ?

bskay

inspect.isclass


>>> for r in dir(os):
...     if inspect.isclass(getattr(os,r)):
...             print 'c',r
...
c _Environ
c error
c stat_result
c statvfs_result

274920831

回复 2# jason680

>>> for x in dir(difflib):
...   print(x, getattr(difflib,x))
...
第二行的print前要用Tab键来进行缩进，第三行直接点击回车，即可出现jason680显示的这些内容，非常感谢。

jason680

回复 3# 274920831

IndentationError: expected an indented block

要缩进

prcardin

python 缩紧要求严格