gcc下使用stl库出错，怎么解决呢？谢谢

lokis

用了一个小程序测，还是不行

#include "iostream"
#include "string"

using namespace std;

enum TestType { one = 't', two, three };

template<typename CharType>;

class TestClass
  : public std::basic_string<CharType>;
{
        public:
          virtual void test(const CharType *test)
          {
                (*this).assign(test);
          }
};

int main(void)
{

  TestClass<TestType>; test;
  TestType t = one;
  test.test(&t);

  // cout << test << endl;
  return 0;
}

编译能通过，连接的时候出错，错误信息如下：

/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.text+0x9c): In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init[in-charge]()'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.text+0xcb): In function `__tcf_0':
: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init [in-charge]()'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE6assignEPKS_+0x10): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::assign(TestType const*)':
: undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::length(TestType const*)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep10_M_destroyERKS2_+0x37): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::deallocate(char*, unsigned)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep10_M_destroyERKS2_+0x54): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::~allocator [in-charge]()'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep10_M_destroyERKS2_+0x6b): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::~allocator [in-charge]()'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep10_M_destroyERKS2_+0x8c): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `__cxa_call_unexpected'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE6assignEPKS_j+0x23): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::assign(TestType const*, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `std::__throw_length_error(char const*)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE6assignEPKS_j+0x146): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::assign(TestType const*, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::copy(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE6assignEPKS_j+0x16b): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::assign(TestType const*, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::move(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE15_M_replace_safeIPKS_EERS3_N9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPS_S3_EESB_T_SC_+0x52): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;& std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_M_replace_safe<TestType const*>;(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<TestType*, std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >; >;, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<TestType*, std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >; >;, TestType const*, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<TestType*, std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >; >':
: undefined reference to `std::__throw_length_error(char const*)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE9_M_mutateEjjj+0x14d): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_M_mutate(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::copy(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE9_M_mutateEjjj+0x184): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_M_mutate(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::copy(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE9_M_mutateEjjj+0x197): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_M_mutate(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE9_M_mutateEjjj+0x1cf): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_M_mutate(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE9_M_mutateEjjj+0x1da): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_M_mutate(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE9_M_mutateEjjj+0x285): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_M_mutate(unsigned, unsigned, unsigned)':
: undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::move(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE13_S_copy_charsEPS_PKS_S6_+0x1c): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_S_copy_chars(TestType*, TestType const*, TestType const*)':
: undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::copy(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep9_S_createEjRKS2_+0x19): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned, std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `std::__throw_length_error(char const*)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep9_S_createEjRKS2_+0xd7): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned, std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::allocate(unsigned, void const*)'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep9_S_createEjRKS2_+0xf1): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned, std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::~allocator [in-charge]()'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.t._ZNSbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE4_Rep9_S_createEjRKS2_+0x10e): In function `std::basic_string<TestType, std::char_traits<TestType>;, std::allocator<TestType>; >;::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned, std::allocator<TestType>; const&':
: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::~allocator [in-charge]()'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.r._ZTI9TestClassI8TestTypeE+0x0): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__vmi_class_type_info'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.gnu.linkonce.r._ZTISbI8TestTypeSt11char_traitsIS_ESaIS_EE+0x0): undefined reference to `vtable for __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info'
/tmp/ccXwDe9p.o(.eh_frame+0x12): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

lokis

GCC版本是：gcc (GCC) 3.3.2 20031022 (Red Hat Linux 3.3.2-1)
std库是：libstdc++.so.5.0.5

多谢啦

CcFaN_cn

试试看用g++编译

lokis

也是同样的错：）

CcFaN_cn

<iostream>;<string>;

lokis

改成<iostream>;<string>;还是同样的错...

cppof286

很简单楼主，你好好看看连接错误提示就知道了：

undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::length(TestType const*)
undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::deallocate(char*, unsigned)'
undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::move(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)'
undefined reference to `std::char_traits<TestType>;::copy(TestType*, TestType const*, unsigned)
undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>;::allocate(unsigned, void const*)'

STL里如果要使用预定义类型之外的其它类型实例化basic_string模板，就必须提供相应的char_traits和相应的赋值、复制和移动操作函数（关于traits的讨论太长了，这里我没办法说明，请参见侯捷侯先生的《STL源码剖析》）。你现在使用的是你定义的枚举类型作为CharType实例化basic_string，却又没有给出对应的char_traits和操作函数，那么连接时肯定会因为找不到函数定义而出错。

By the way，让自己的类从basic_string模板继承是一个非常傻的主意，因为basic_string模板设计出来就没有为继承考虑过。如果从它继承，则就不应该重载其中的任何成员（好在你没有重载）另外，根据assign()成员的语义，你那样写也是要出错的（内存非法越界）。

lokis

阿！！，好，多谢了：）我仔细看看书

THEBEST

[quote="cppof286"]By the way，让自己的类从basic_string模板继承是一个非常傻的主意，因为basic_string模板设计出来就没有为继承考虑过。如果从它继承，则就不应该重载其中的任何成员（好在你没有重载）[quote]没有什么傻不傻的吧?我觉得看自己的应用而矣,如果真的需要自己的traits可以自己写就是了,只是要与标准的符合.

victor0127

加#include<vector>