请问那位给解释一下ServletContextListener的的用法

zhangv

怎么用 ？
请以tomcat服务器为例。谢谢
是不是实现这个接口的类还需要在服务器中进行配置什么的？

cinc

看 sun 的文档：

http://java.sun.com/webservices/docs/1.0/tutorial/doc/Servlets4.html#64218

Handling Servlet Life Cycle Events

...

public final class ContextListener
  implements ServletContextListener {
...

cinc

到我的 ftp 下载这个教程：

ftp://cinc.3322.org/pub/doc/java/doc_from_sun/WebserviceTutorial.zip

然后：
/doc/Servlets4.html#64218

cinc

Servlet Life Cycle
The life cycle of a servlet is controlled by the container in which the servlet has been deployed. When a request is mapped to a servlet, the container performs the following steps.

If an instance of the servlet does not exist, the Web container
Loads the servlet class.
Creates an instance of the servlet class.
Initializes the servlet instance by calling the init method. Initialization is covered in Initializing a Servlet.
Invokes the service method, passing a request and response object. Service methods are discussed in Writing Service Methods.
If the container needs to remove the servlet, it finalizes the servlet by calling the servlet's destroy method. Finalization is discussed in Finalizing a Servlet.

Handling Servlet Life Cycle Events
You can monitor and react to events in a servlet's life cycle by defining listener objects whose methods get invoked when life cycle events occur. To use these listener objects you must define the listener class and specify the listener class.

Defining The Listener Class
You define a listener class as an implementation of a listener interface. Servlet Life Cycle Events lists the events that can be monitored and the corresponding interface that must be implemented. When a listener method is invoked, it is passed an event that contains information appropriate to the event. For example, the methods in the HttpSessionListener interface are passed an HttpSessionEvent, which contains an HttpSession.


Table 12-3 Servlet Life Cycle Events  Object
Event
Listener Interface and Event Class

Web context(See Accessing the Web Context)
Initialization and destruction
javax.servlet.ServletContextListener and
ServletContextEvent

Attribute added, removed, or replaced
javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener and
ServletContextAttributeEvent

Session(See Maintaining Client State)
Creation, invalidation, and timeout
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener and
HttpSessionEvent

Attribute added, removed, or replaced
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener and
HttpSessionBindingEvent



The listeners.ContextListener class creates and removes the database helper and counter objects used in the Duke's Bookstore application. The methods retrieve the Web context object from ServletContextEvent and then store (and remove) the objects as servlet context attributes.

import database.BookDB;
import javax.servlet.*;
import util.Counter;

public final class ContextListener
  implements ServletContextListener {
  private ServletContext context = null;
  public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    context = event.getServletContext();
    try {
      BookDB bookDB = new BookDB();
      context.setAttribute("bookDB", bookDB);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      System.out.println(
        "Couldn't create database: "
        + ex.getMessage());
    }
    Counter counter = new Counter();
    context.setAttribute("hitCounter", counter);
    context.log("Created hitCounter"
      + counter.getCounter());
    counter = new Counter();
    context.setAttribute("orderCounter", counter);
    context.log("Created orderCounter"
      + counter.getCounter());
  }

  public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
    context = event.getServletContext();
    BookDB bookDB = context.getAttribute(
      "bookDB";
    bookDB.remove();
    context.removeAttribute("bookDB";
    context.removeAttribute("hitCounter";
    context.removeAttribute("orderCounter";
  }
}

Specifying Event Listener Classes
To specify an event listener class, you add a listener element to the Web application deployment descriptor. Here is the listener element for the Duke's Bookstore application:

<listener>;
  <listener-class>;listeners.ContextListener</listener-class>;
</listener>;

You specify a listener class for a WAR in the deploytool Event Listeners inspector (see Event Listeners).

Handling Errors
Any number of exceptions can occur when a servlet is executed. The Web container will generate a default page containing the message A Servlet Exception Has Occurred when an exception occurs, but you can also specify that the container should return a specific error page for a given exception. To specify such a page, you add an error-page element to the Web application deployment descriptor. These elements map the exceptions returned by the Duke's Bookstore application to errorpage.html:

<error-page>;
  <exception-type>;
    exception.BookNotFoundException
  </exception-type>;
  <location>;/errorpage.html</location>;
</error-page>;
<error-page>;
  <exception-type>;
    exception.BooksNotFoundException
  </exception-type>;
  <location>;/errorpage.html</location>;
</error-page>;
<error-page>;
  <exception-type>;exception.OrderException</exception-type>;
  <location>;/errorpage.html</location>;
</error-page>;

You specify error pages for a WAR in the deploytool File Refs inspector (see Error Mappings).