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前一段时间，论坛里总有朋友问到pam-mysql的安装问题。比较典型的有：
vsftp1.2+mysql4.1+pam_mysql0.5在RedHat AS4(32bit)下好像是有bug
还是mysql虚拟用户和vsftpd的登陆问题?
为了解答类似的问题，我动手试验了一下vsftpd+pam-mysql的配置过程，总结如下:
系统环境：
* RedHat AS 4
* MySQL 4.1.15
* pam_mysql-0.7pre3
说明一下，MySQL我是使用其官方网站的rpm包安装的，包括下面这4个：
1. MySQL-server-standard-4.1.15-0.rhel4.i386.rpm
2. MySQL-client-standard-4.1.15-0.rhel4.i386.rpm
3. MySQL-devel-standard-4.1.15-0.rhel4.i386.rpm
4. MySQL-shared-standard-4.1.15-0.rhel4.i386.rpm
vsftpd是RedHat自带的。
建立用于存放vsftpd虚拟用户的Schema的过程：
- mysql> create database vsftpd;
- mysql> use vsftpd;
- mysql> create table users (
- -> id int AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
- -> name char(16) binary NOT NULL,
- -> passwd char(48) binary NOT NULL,
- -> primary key(id)
- -> );
- mysql> describe users;
- +--------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +--------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | id | int(11) | | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
- | name | char(16) | | | | |
- | passwd | char(48) | | | | |
- +--------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- mysql> create table logs (msg varchar(255),
- -> user char(16),
- -> pid int,
- -> host char(32),
- -> rhost char(32),
- -> logtime timestamp
- -> );
- mysql> describe logs;
- +---------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +---------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
- | msg | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
- | user | varchar(16) | YES | | NULL | |
- | pid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
- | host | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | |
- | rhost | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | |
- | logtime | timestamp | YES | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
- +---------+--------------+------+-----+-------------------+-------+
这里，用户密码这个字段的长度是48。这是根据MySQL加密函数的返回值的长度确定的。关于PASSWORD函数返回值的长度，可以参考这个：
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/password-hashing.html
- mysql> select encrypt('foo');
- +----------------+
- | encrypt('foo') |
- +----------------+
- | 4Wwn2AXFYb.So |
- +----------------+
- mysql> select password('foo');
- +-------------------------------------------+
- | password('foo') |
- +-------------------------------------------+
- | *F3A2A51A9B0F2BE2468926B4132313728C250DBF |
- +-------------------------------------------+
- mysql> select md5('foo');
- +----------------------------------+
- | md5('foo') |
- +----------------------------------+
- | acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8 |
- +----------------------------------+
编译安装pam_mysql
- # ./configure --with-openssl
- # make
- # make install
加上--with-openssl可以避免make时报有关md5.h的编译错误
建立/etc/pam.d/vsftpd.mysql（因为只是想验证pam_mysql的安装过程，所以我不想覆盖原有的vsftpd这个文件)。注意只有两行，auth是一行，account是一行。
- auth required /lib/security/pam_mysql.so user=root passwd=123456 host=localhost db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=passwd crypt=2 sqllog=1 logtable=logs logmsgcolumn=msg logusercolumn=user logpidcolumn=pid loghostcolumn=host logrhostcolumn=rhost logtimecolumn=logtime verbose=1
- account required /lib/security/pam_mysql.so user=root passwd=123456 host=localhost db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=passwd crypt=2 sqllog=1 logtable=logs logmsgcolumn=msg logusercolumn=user logpidcolumn=pid loghostcolumn=host logrhostcolumn=rhost logtimecolumn=logtime verbose=1
注意这里pam_mysql.so的路径是/lib/security；指定了sqllog；加密方式是2，也就是用MySQL PASSWORD()函数；verbose=1，设置这个可以帮助调试，日志信息输出在/var/log/messages里。
建立/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.mysql.conf（同样，不影响已有的vsftpd服务，执行service vsftpd restart时会启动两个vsftpd服务，端口不一样）
主要的设置如下：
- pam_service_name=vsftpd.mysql
- listen=YES
- tcp_wrappers=YES
- local_enable=YES
- guest_enable=YES
- guest_username=ftp
- listen_port=2121
注意pam_service_name=vsftpd.mysql指定了使用刚才设置的pam_mysql。
插入用户信息：
- mysql> insert into users (name,passwd) values('tom',password('foo'));
- mysql> insert into users (name,passwd) values('jerry',password('bar'));
- mysql> select * from users;
- +----+-------+-------------------------------------------+
- | id | name | passwd |
- +----+-------+-------------------------------------------+
- | 1 | tom | *F3A2A51A9B0F2BE2468926B4132313728C250DBF |
- | 2 | jerry | *E8D46CE25265E545D225A8A6F1BAF642FEBEE5CB |
- +----+-------+-------------------------------------------+
启动vsftpd服务，测试配置：
# ftp localhost 2121
登录失败，检查/var/log/messages，发现：
# tail -f /var/log/messages
- Nov 29 14:52:04 javadev vsftpd[17683]: PAM unable to dlopen(/lib/security/pam_mysql.so)
- Nov 29 14:52:04 javadev vsftpd[17683]: PAM [dlerror: /lib/security/pam_mysql.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory]
- Nov 29 14:52:04 javadev vsftpd[17683]: PAM adding faulty module: /lib/security/pam_mysql.so
看来是没找到pam_mysql.so，怎么会呢？
用find（也可以用locate，不过得先updatedb一下，慢）找了一下，原来make install的时候默认安装在/usr/local/lib下。修改/etc/pam.d/vsftpd.mysql或者把lib拷到/lib/security目录
- auth required /usr/local/lib/security/pam_mysql.so user=root passwd=123456 host=localhost db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=passwd crypt=2 sqllog=1 logtable=logs logmsgcolumn=msg logusercolumn=user logpidcolumn=pid loghostcolumn=host logrhostcolumn=rhost logtimecolumn=logtime verbose=1
- account required /usr/local/lib/security/pam_mysql.so user=root passwd=123456 host=localhost db=vsftpd table=users usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=passwd crypt=2 sqllog=1 logtable=logs logmsgcolumn=msg logusercolumn=user logpidcolumn=pid loghostcolumn=host logrhostcolumn=rhost logtimecolumn=logtime verbose=1
再登录，成功！换用其他加密方式，也都可以。
然后试验pam_mysql v0.7新加的config_file配置选项。这个选项用来指定一个配置文件，可以把所有pam_mysql的配置放在这个文件中。这样的话，/etc/pam.d/vsftpd.mysql的内容变成这样：
- auth required /usr/lib/security/pam_mysql.so config_file=/etc/security/pam_mysql.conf
- account required /usr/lib/security/pam_mysql.so config_file=/etc/security/pam_mysql.conf
/etc/security/pam_mysql.conf的内容：
- users.host=localhost
- users.database=vsftpd
- users.db_user=root
- users.db_passwd=123456
- users.table=users
- users.user_column=name
- users.password_column=passwd
- users.password_crypt=3
- verbose=1
- log.enabled=1
- log.table=logs
- log.message_column=msg
- log.pid_column=pid
- log.user_column=user
- log.host_column=host
- log.rhost_column=rhost
- log.time_column=logtime
改好这些以后，用之前建好的虚拟用户登录，居然不行！而且这次/var/log/messages里没有任何错误消息。ls -ltr /var/log 发现secure这个文件最新，试着打开，果然发现了pam_mysql的调试信息：
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option verbose is set to "1"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.enabled is set to "1 "
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.table is set to "logs"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.message_column is set to "msg"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.pid_column is set to "pid"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.user_column is set to "user"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.host_column is set to "host"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.rhost_column is set to "rhost"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - option log.time_column is set to "logtime"
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - pam_sm_authenticate() called.
- Dec 26 16:18:37 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - pam_mysql_open_db() called.
- Dec 26 16:18:42 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - MySQL error (Unknown MySQL server host 'localhost ' (3))
- Dec 26 16:18:42 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - pam_mysql_open_db() returning 5.
- Dec 26 16:18:42 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - pam_sm_authenticate() returning 9.
- Dec 26 16:18:42 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - pam_mysql_release_ctx() called.
- Dec 26 16:18:42 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - pam_mysql_destroy_ctx() called.
- Dec 26 16:18:42 javadev vsftpd[6175]: pam_mysql - pam_mysql_close_db() called.
仔细检查，发现原因在这里：
pam_mysql - MySQL error (Unknown MySQL server host 'localhost ' (3))
原来配置文件里users.host=localhost 这行行尾多了一个空格！郁闷！修改以后就可以登录了。
最后，我在论坛里回复时说过不能用password这种方式，原因是
2 (or "mysql") = Use MySQL PASSWORD() function. It is possible
that the encryption function used by PAM-MySQL
is different from that of the MySQL server, as
PAM-MySQL uses the function defined in MySQL's
C-client API instead of using PASSWORD() SQL function
in the query.
事实证明我说错了。 :oops:
还有，两个log可以帮助分析故障（当然可能仅在RedHat下），/var/log/messages和/var/log/secure
[ 本帖最后由 wolfg 于 2006-6-19 09:41 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2005-12-26 17:18
这里感谢一下
