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SUN服务器F280R安装SUNOS5.8配有二块73G的硬盘disk1:c1t0d0、disk2:c1t1d0我们在对主机系统进行维护性重起后，发现原来的/u目录不能挂上，系统提示要进行文件系统的修复，用fsck对DISK2进行修复时，系统提示DISK2的超级块坏，无法修复出错如下：
THE FOLLOWING SECTORS COULD NOT BE READ: 104815424 104815425 104815426 104815427
** /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s1
BAD SUPER BLOCK: MAGIC NUMBER WRONG
USE AN ALTERNATE SUPER-BLOCK TO SUPPLY NEEDED INFORMATION;
eg. fsck [-F ufs] -o b=# [special ...]
where # is the alternate super block. SEE fsck_ufs(1M).
** /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s2
** Last Mounted on /dbs
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
6 files, 49455874 used, 2184125 free (21 frags, 273013 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
打电话于SUN公司的技术员联系，要求我把以上出错信息发给他们，他们回信说可以通过以下办法80%的情况都可以解决：
Please try follow steps :
With the information that I have, it looks like you should be able to install an alternate superblock as follows:
Make sure that this fs is not mounted (it probably won't let you mount anyway)
1 - first find the alternate superblocks:
# newfs -N /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s1
This will list the superblocks, with the first one being the default. This is non-destructive.
2 - second, install the second superblock:
# fsck -F ufs -o b=[superblock number] /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s1
3 - test the filesystem with:
# fsck -y /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s1
repeate this step until it runs through cleanly with no errors, if you persistantly get a superblock error repeat steps 2 & 3 with a different superblock.
If you try more than 3 different superblocks and still get the errors, it means that you have an unrecoverable filesystem and can be fixed WITH LOSS OF ALL DATA as follows:
# newfs /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s1
他们的意思是假如通过以上办法3次还不能恢复超级块的话，那么这个文件系统的内容就没有办法取出来了，然而我做了5次以后，仍然是以上的出错信息，SUN公司的技术人员认为硬盘可能坏了，准备派工程师到现场来换硬盘了，但通过SUN的EXPLORER实用程序也没有检查出硬盘有什么地方坏呀。为了不掉失数据，我们暂时没有让SUN公司的工程师来换硬盘，想通过其他方法把数据读出来，当时的系统分区目录情况如下：
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0 4144014 133813 3968761 4% /
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s6 8072333 6208710 1782900 78% /usr
/proc 0 0 0 0% /proc
fd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd
mnttab 0 0 0 0% /etc/mnttab
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s3 4038702 3203108 795207 81% /var
swap 15132192 8 15132184 1% /var/run
swap 15132608 424 15132184 1% /tmp
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s5 4038702 1315588 2682727 33% /opt
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7 40204291 36685648 3116601 93% /home
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s1 1988887 334093 1595128 18% /usr/openwin
/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s0 51639999 49455874 1667726 97% /dbs
目录/U已经不能MOUNT上去了，通过查看各个硬盘的分区表，发现DISK1的分区表正常，DISK2的分区表已经完全破坏了：
DISK1的分区表：
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 826 4.01GB (827/0/0) 8415552
1 usr wm 827 - 1229 1.96GB (403/0/0) 4100928
2 backup wm 0 - 14086 68.35GB (14087/0/0) 143349312
3 var wm 1230 - 2035 3.91GB (806/0/0) 8201856
4 swap wu 2036 - 3646 7.82GB (1611/0/0) 16393536
5 unassigned wm 3647 - 4452 3.91GB (806/0/0) 8201856
6 usr wm 4453 - 6063 7.82GB (1611/0/0) 16393536
7 home wm 6064 - 14086 38.93GB (8023/0/0) 81642048
与实际使用的各个目录情况相一致。
DISK2当时的分区表：
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 25 129.19MB (26/0/0) 264576
1 swap wu 26 - 51 129.19MB (26/0/0) 264576
2 backup wu 0 - 14086 68.35GB (14087/0/0) 143349312
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 usr wm 52 - 14086 68.10GB (14035/0/0) 142820160
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
与实际使用的2个分区情况完全不同了，并且分区大小也不一致了，但DISK2的C1T1D0S0经过修复后仍然能够挂起：
dev/dsk/c1t1d0s0 51639999 49455874 1667726 97% /dbs
并且数据内容全部在，文件系统大小基本于原来相当（原来的分区表没有了，只能大概估计一下了）。
为了能够把/u目录挂上，我们决定重新写入DISK2的分区表，这样是很危险的，弄的不好，DISK2上的所有数据就要掉失，包括现在能用的/dbs目录下的数据，为了保险期间，我们先把/dbs的数据备份出来。
这样我们可以对DISK2进行重新划分分区表了，依据是我们根据挂上的目录来判断DISK2应该就划了2个分区/dbs用了50G，/u用了20G左右。用SUN的FORMAT命令将DISK2上原来的分区清除掉，改成2个分区，保存分区表，最后再用FSCK命令对/u文件系统进行恢复扫描后，/u文件系统可以挂上了，数据全部都在，避免了不必要的损失。具体步骤如下：
szeaibak:root>[/dbs/oradata] format
Searching for disks...done
AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:
0. c1t0d0 <SUN72G cyl 14087 alt 2 hd 24 sec 424>
/pci@8,600000/SUNW,qlc@4/fp@0,0/ssd@w2100000c505622fa,0
1. c1t1d0 <SUN72G cyl 14087 alt 2 hd 24 sec 424>
/pci@8,600000/SUNW,qlc@4/fp@0,0/ssd@w2100000c50568761,0
Specify disk (enter its number): 1
selecting c1t1d0
[disk formatted]
Warning: Current Disk has mounted partitions.
partition> 0
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 25 129.19MB (26/0/0) 264576
Enter partition id tag[root]: unassigned
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[0]: 0
Enter partition size[264576b, 26c, 129.19mb, 0.13gb]: 0
partition> p
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
2 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition> 0
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: dbs
`dbs' not expected.
Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: bak
`bak' not expected.
Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: usr
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[0]:
Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: 50gb
partition> p
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 usr wm 0 - 10304 50.00GB (10305/0/0) 104863680
1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
2 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition>
partition> 1
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
1 var wm 10305 - 12365 10.00GB (2061/0/0) 20972736
Enter partition id tag[var]:
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[10305]:
Enter partition size[20972736b, 2061c, 10240.59mb, 10.00gb]: 19gb
`19.00gb' is out of range
Enter partition size[20972736b, 2061c, 10240.59mb, 10.00gb]: 18gb
partition> p
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 usr wm 0 - 10304 50.00GB (10305/0/0) 104863680
1 var wm 10305 - 14014 18.00GB (3710/0/0) 37752960
2 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition> p
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 usr wm 0 - 10304 50.00GB (10305/0/0) 104863680
1 var wm 10305 - 14076 18.30GB (3772/0/0) 38383872
2 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition> 2
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
2 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: backup
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[0]:
Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: 68.35gb
partition> p
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 usr wm 0 - 10304 50.00GB (10305/0/0) 104863680
1 var wm 10305 - 14076 18.30GB (3772/0/0) 38383872
2 backup wm 0 - 14086 68.35GB (14087/0/0) 143349312
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition> 1
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
1 var wm 10305 - 14076 18.30GB (3772/0/0) 38383872
Enter partition id tag[var]:
Enter partition permission flags[wm]:
Enter new starting cyl[10305]:
Enter partition size[38383872b, 3772c, 18742.12mb, 18.30gb]: 18.35gb
partition> p
Current partition table (unnamed):
Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 usr wm 0 - 10304 50.00GB (10305/0/0) 104863680
1 var wm 10305 - 14086 18.35GB (3782/0/0) 38485632
2 backup wm 0 - 14086 68.35GB (14087/0/0) 143349312
3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0
partition> l
Ready to label disk, continue? y
partition> quit
FORMAT MENU:
disk - select a disk
type - select (define) a disk type
partition - select (define) a partition table
current - describe the current disk
format - format and analyze the disk
repair - repair a defective sector
label - write label to the disk
analyze - surface analysis
defect - defect list management
backup - search for backup labels
verify - read and display labels
save - save new disk/partition definitions
inquiry - show vendor, product and revision
volname - set 8-character volume name
!<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return
quit
format> q
szeaibak:root>[/dbs/oradata]
szeaibak:root>[/dbs/oradata] cd
szeaibak:root>[/] df -k
Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0 4144014 133814 3968760 4% /
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s6 8072333 6208710 1782900 78% /usr
/proc 0 0 0 0% /proc
fd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd
mnttab 0 0 0 0% /etc/mnttab
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s3 4038702 3203108 795207 81% /var
swap 15131920 8 15131912 1% /var/run
swap 15132336 424 15131912 1% /tmp
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s5 4038702 1315588 2682727 33% /opt
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7 40204291 36685648 3116601 93% /home
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s1 1988887 334093 1595128 18% /usr/openwin
/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s0 51639999 49455874 1667726 97% /dbs
szeaibak:root>[/] umount /dbs
szeaibak:root>[/] fsck /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s1
** /dev/rdsk/c1t1d0s1
** Last Mounted on /u
** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
112 files, 10190936 used, 8400594 free (58 frags, 1050067 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
szeaibak:root>[/] mount /dev/dsk/c1t1d0s1 /u
szeaibak:root>[/] cd /u
szeaibak:root> ls
backup spctab.lis
clientsdk.2.90.FC4.SOL.tar spcusr.lis
error97.txt test1.sh
lost+found test1.sql
oradata test2.sql
sp_1_2.lst zyb
spcpkg.lis
szeaibak:root> mount /dev/dsk/c1t1d0s0 /dbs
szeaibak:root> cd /dbs
szeaibak:root>[/dbs] ls
lost+found oradata rdbs
szeaibak:root>[/dbs] pwd
/dbs
szeaibak:root>[/dbs] ls
lost+found oradata rdbs
szeaibak:root>[/dbs] cd /u
szeaibak:root> ls
backup spctab.lis
clientsdk.2.90.FC4.SOL.tar spcusr.lis
error97.txt test1.sh
lost+found test1.sql
oradata test2.sql
sp_1_2.lst zyb
spcpkg.lis
szeaibak:root> ls -l
total 193064
drwxr-xr-x 2 root other 512 Jul 13 2004 backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root other 98458112 Feb 27 10:20 clientsdk.2.90.FC4.SOL.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 220548 Jan 12 2005 error97.txt
drwx------ 2 root root 8192 Jun 8 2004 lost+found
drwxrwxrwx 2 oracle dba 1024 Apr 6 11:55 oradata
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 75322 Apr 15 2005 sp_1_2.lst
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 190 Apr 15 2005 spcpkg.lis
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 2154 Apr 15 2005 spctab.lis
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 4174 Apr 15 2005 spcusr.lis
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 28 Apr 15 2005 test1.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle dba 2052 Apr 15 2005 test1.sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle dba 1743 Apr 15 2005 test2.sql
drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle dba 512 May 19 08:55 zyb
经过测试，ORACLE数据库也能够正常运行，所有数据全部都在。
通过这次经历我们认为，SUN的操作系统的文件系统类型UFS不够强壮，因此使用SUN系统应该经常备份各个文件系统的数据。 |
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发表于 2006-06-21 17:04
发表于 2006-06-21 21:38
