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一 为何需要升级内核?
需要安装 IPVS (IP Virtual Server) (http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/ipvs.html) , 并使用 LVS 实现 Apache/MySQL/JBoss 的负载均衡, 根据 LVS 的需要,需要把我的 OS 内核从 2.6.9-5.EL 升级到 2.6.17. 参考了下面的文章进行升级:
http://www.digitalhermit.com/lin ... .html#CONFIGURATION
二 OS 环境以及升级的步骤如下:
1. 下载新的内核源文件
from: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.17.tar.gz
2. 系统信息 (RedHat AS 4.0)
[root@MySQLManager grub]# uname -a
Linux MySQLManager 2.6.9-5.EL #1 Wed Jan 5 19:22:18 EST 2005 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@MySQLManager ~]#
[root@MySQLManager ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 61.4 GB, 61492838400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7476 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 2550 20482843+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2 2551 7477 39568126+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/hda5 2551 3825 10241406 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda6 6202 7475 10233373+ b W95 FAT32
/dev/hda7 3826 3837 96358+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda8 3838 3938 811251 82 Linux swap
/dev/hda9 3939 6201 18177516 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
[root@MySQLManager ~]#
3. 解压到目录 /usr/src
[root@MySQLManager ~]# cp linux-2.6.17.tar.gz /usr/src/
[root@MySQLManager ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@MySQLManager src]# tar -zxvf linux-2.6.17.tar.gz
4. 建立链接文件
# cd /usr/src/
# ln -s linux-2.6.17 linux-2.6
# ln -s linux-2.6 linux
5. 检查原代码/配置核心选项/升级内核模块等
# cd /usr/src/linux
# make mrproper
[root@MySQLManager linux]# make menuconfig
[root@MySQLManager linux]# make clean
[root@MySQLManager linux]#
[root@MySQLManager linux]# make bzImage
..........................................................................(中间过程省略,差不多 1 个小时)
BUILD arch/i386/boot/bzImage
Root device is (3, 9)
Boot sector 512 bytes.
Setup is 7288 bytes.
System is 1599 kB
Kernel: arch/i386/boot/bzImage is ready (#1)
[root@MySQLManager linux]#
[root@MySQLManager linux]# make modules
(中间过程省略,差不多 1 个小时)
[root@MySQLManager linux]# make modules_install
[root@MySQLManager linux]# mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.6.17.EL.img 2.6.17
[root@MySQLManager linux]# cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-2.6.17
[root@MySQLManager linux]# cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.17
[root@MySQLManager linux]# ln -s /boot/System.map-2.6.17 /boot/System.map
------------------ls -al /boot 内容-------------------
[root@MySQLManager boot]# ls -al /boot
total 5507
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 8月 24 11:18 .
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4096 8月 24 08:57 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1646140 8月 24 11:16 bzImage-2.6.17.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48177 2005-01-06 config-2.6.9-5.EL
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 8月 24 11:28 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 302635 8月 24 11:14 initrd-2.6.17.EL.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 394699 8月 23 01:38 initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
drwx------ 2 root root 12288 8月 23 01:32 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 81860 2004-09-30 memtest86+-1.26
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23108 2004-12-03 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21282 2004-12-03 message.ja
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 8月 24 11:18 System.map -> /boot/System.map-2.6.17.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 899832 8月 24 11:18 System.map-2.6.17.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 712698 2005-01-06 System.map-2.6.9-5.EL
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1433988 2005-01-06 vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL
[root@MySQLManager boot]#
------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------修改过后的 /boot/grub/menu.lst-----------------
[root@MySQLManager ~]# more /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,6)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda9
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,6)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.17.EL)
root (hd0,6)
kernel /boot/bzImage-2.6.17 ro root=/dev/hda9
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.17.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-5.EL)
root (hd0,6)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
title Win_XP
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
[root@MySQLManager grub]#
-------------------------------------------------------------------
6. 重起系统
[root@MySQLManager grub]# cd /
[root@MySQLManager /]# sync
[root@MySQLManager /]#
[root@MySQLManager /]# sync
[root@MySQLManager /]#
[root@MySQLManager /]# sync
[root@MySQLManager /]#
[root@MySQLManager /]# reboot
三 问题描述
下面是我遇到的两个问题,已经卡住很多天了,问题描述如下:
(1) 使用如上提及的 /boot/grub/menu.lst (也即是相同目录下 grub.conf), 重起以后有三个选项:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.17.EL)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-5.EL)
Win_XP
选择 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.17.EL)
提示信息如下:
Booting 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.17.EL)'
root(hd0,6)
Filesystem type is ext2fs,partition type 0x83
Kernel /boot/bzImage-2.6.17 ro root=/dev/hda9
Error 15: File not found
Press any key to continue..........
(2) 选择原来的内核启动 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-5.EL)并修改 /boot/grub/menu.lst 如下所示 (注意红色部分)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@MySQLManager grub]# more /boot/grub/menu.lst
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,6)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hda9
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,6)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.17.EL)
root (hd0,6)
kernel /bzImage-2.6.17 ro root=/dev/hda9
initrd /initrd-2.6.17.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.9-5.EL)
root (hd0,6)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
title Win_XP
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
[root@MySQLManager grub]#
-------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@MySQLManager grub]# reboot
重起以后, 再选择 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (2.6.17.EL)
接着加载一些内核模块,并提示:
....................................
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Switching to new root.
audit (1156409184.044:2) : enforcing=1 old_enforcing=0 auid=4294967295
Enforcing mode requested but no policy loaded. Halting now!
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempting to kill init!
请各位大虾帮忙分析一下原因, 我现在提到内核就满脑子的浆糊 :P
拜谢了先!
我的联系方式:
E-Mail: liyi_1980@163.com
MSN: zaochun_1980@hotmail.com
[ 本帖最后由 zaochun_liyi 于 2006-8-24 18:26 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2006-08-24 18:23