如何提取介于某个区间的几行文字，区间的开始和结束可以用正则表达式描述

juzi1114

如这样的文件：
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Rapidly .
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Acetylcholine.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer; composed .
CC       Interacts with PRIMA1.
CC       anchor it to the basal
CC       (By similarity).
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, synapse. Secreted (By
CC       similarity). Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein (By
CC       similarity).
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cell membrane;
CC       anchor; Extracellular side (By similarity).
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
我要提取其中以SUBCELLULAR LOCATION开头的那一小段文件，如下：
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, synapse. Secreted (By
  similarity). Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein (By
  similarity).
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-
   anchor; Extracellular side (By similarity).
我现在写的
f($line=~ /SUBCELLULAR LOCATION:/)
        {
                  print   $line,"\n";
        if ($array[$line_num]=~ /\-\!\-/)
        {next;}
                        }
        if( $array[$line_num] =~ /^\/\//)
   {
           $a++;
           last;
只有其中的第一句话出来 不知道怎么办才好啊 谢谢各位了！！

[ 本帖最后由 flw 于 2008-6-20 13:16 编辑 ]

flw

下面给出这一类问题的通用解决办法。

这是面向行处理的一种轻量级解决方法。
比那些对整个文件进行模式匹配的方法不知优雅了要多少倍。

$start 表示开始标记的模式，$end 表示结束标记的模式，
if ( (/$start/ .. /$end/) and !/$end/ ){
表示需要开始和结束之间的，但不需要结束的那一行。

1. #! /usr/bin/env perl
   
2. 
   
3. my $start = qr/^CC\s+-!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION/;
   
4. my $end = qr/^CC\s+-!- (?!SUBCELLULAR LOCATION)/;
   
5. 
   
6. while(<DATA>){
   
7.     if ( (/$start/ .. /$end/) and !/$end/ ){
   
8.         print "*** $_";
   
9.     }
   
10.     else{
    
11.         print "--- $_";
    
12.     }
    
13. }
    
14. __END__
    
15. CC   -!- FUNCTION: Rapidly .
    
16. CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Acetylcholine.
    
17. CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer; composed .
    
18. CC       Interacts with PRIMA1.
    
19. CC       anchor it to the basal
    
20. CC       (By similarity).
    
21. CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, synapse. Secreted (By
    
22. CC       similarity). Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein (By
    
23. CC       similarity).
    
24. CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cell membrane;
    
25. CC       anchor; Extracellular side (By similarity).
    
26. CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
    
27. CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;

复制代码

运行结果：

flw@debian:~$ ./ttt.pl
--- CC   -!- FUNCTION: Rapidly .
--- CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Acetylcholine.
--- CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer; composed .
--- CC       Interacts with PRIMA1.
--- CC       anchor it to the basal
--- CC       (By similarity).
*** CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, synapse. Secreted (By
*** CC       similarity). Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein (By
*** CC       similarity).
*** CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cell membrane;
*** CC       anchor; Extracellular side (By similarity).
--- CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
--- CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
flw@debian:~$

cobrawgl

#!user/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my @data = <DATA>;
$_ = join '', @data;

my @t = /(SUBCELLULAR.*?)CC\s+-!-/msg;

print map {s/CC\s+//g; $_} @t;

__DATA__
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Rapidly .
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Acetylcholine.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer; composed .
CC       Interacts with PRIMA1.
CC       anchor it to the basal
CC       (By similarity).
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, synapse. Secreted (By
CC       similarity). Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein (By
CC       similarity).
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cell membrane;
CC       anchor; Extracellular side (By similarity).
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;

[ 本帖最后由 cobrawgl 于 2008-6-20 12:36 编辑 ]

juzi1114

谢谢啦 呵呵.... 看来我的正则表达式还要多学习了 呵呵...

cobrawgl

版主有时间的话，给大家解说一下吧

cobrawgl

那个 ？！ 是什么意思啊，版主

flw

原帖由 cobrawgl 于 2008-6-20 12:49 发表
那个 ？！ 是什么意思啊，版主

向前断言，不匹配。

cobrawgl

谢谢版主指点，赶紧看书去了

ly5066113

苯方法：

1. #! /bin/perl
   
2. 
   
3. use warnings;
   
4. use strict;
   
5. 
   
6. my $key;
   
7. 
   
8. while(<DATA>){
   
9.     if (/-!-/) {
   
10.         $key = 0;
    
11.     }
    
12.     if (/SUBCELLULAR LOCATION/) {
    
13.         print;
    
14.         $key = 1;
    
15.         next;
    
16.     }
    
17.     if ($key) {
    
18.         print;
    
19.     }   
    
20. }
    
21. 
    
22. __END__
    
23. CC   -!- FUNCTION: Rapidly .
    
24. CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Acetylcholine.
    
25. CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer; composed .
    
26. CC       Interacts with PRIMA1.
    
27. CC       anchor it to the basal
    
28. CC       (By similarity).
    
29. CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, synapse. Secreted (By
    
30. CC       similarity). Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein (By
    
31. CC       similarity).
    
32. CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cell membrane;
    
33. CC       anchor; Extracellular side (By similarity).
    
34. CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
    
35. CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;

复制代码

flw

原帖由 ly5066113 于 2008-6-20 13:08 发表
苯方法：

range operator 有一个内置的 state，相当于你的 $key，不过由它自己来维护，因此可读性更好。