求助用sed或awk进行文件替换

legone2008

输入：
参数1： Insufficient free space in the %s  directory. The free space is only %s. At least %s is required.
参数2： /export/home
参数3： 5%
参数4： 20%

输出： Insufficient free space in the /export/home directory. The free space is only 5%. At least 20% is required.

简单描述：
给出一个源串，如：Insufficient free space in the %s  directory. The free space is only %s. At least %s is required.
把其中%s替换为指定的字符串，如:/export/home,  5%, %20
可以保证%s出现的个数与指定要替换的字符串个数相同， 但指定要替换的字符串个数是不定的，同时要替换的字符串内容也不定。

本想用awk接收外部参数（指定要替换的字符串）， 然后以%s作为分隔符，在每个域后面加上指定的字符串，但不知道如何将不定参数传入到awk中。

也考虑过用sed循环替换其中的%s， 但是由于 指定的参数内容不确定，可能就包括了sed指定的分隔符。

有没有较好的替换方式，求大神指点。

Herowinter

回复 1# legone2008

1. #!/bin/bash
   
2. 
   
3. s=$1
   
4. for((i=2;i<=$#;i++));do
   
5.     s=$(awk -vt=${!i} '{sub("%s",t);print}'<<<$s)
   
6. done
   
7. echo -e "\n****After repalcement****\n"
   
8. echo $s

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1. ./print.sh "Insufficient free space in the %s  directory. The free space is only %s. At least %s is required." "/export/#home" "5%" "20%"
   
2. 
   
3. ****After repalcement****
   
4. 
   
5. Insufficient free space in the /export/#home directory. The free space is only 5%. At least 20% is required.

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laliheyi

回复 1# legone2008


    printf "Insufficient free space in the %s  directory. The free space is only %s. At least %s is required." /export/home 5% 20%

huang6894

1. => awk -va='/export/home' -vb='5%' -vc='20%' 'BEGIN{print  "Insufficient free space in the "a" directory. The free space is only "b". At least "c" is required."}'
   
2. Insufficient free space in the /export/home directory. The free space is only 5%. At least 20% is required.
   

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可以吗？

ly5066113

回复 1# legone2008

try:

1. $ cat test.sh
   
2. #! /bin/bash
   
3. 
   
4. n=1
   
5. for i in "$@"
   
6. do
   
7.         if [ $n -eq 1 ]
   
8.         then
   
9.                 str=$i
   
10.         else
    
11.                 str=$(echo $str | sed "s#%s#$i#")
    
12.         fi
    
13. 
    
14.         let n=n+1
    
15. done
    
16. echo $str
    
17. $
    
18. $ test.sh 'Insufficient free space in the %s  directory. The free space is only %s. At least %s is required.' /export/home 5% 20%
    
19. Insufficient free space in the /export/home directory. The free space is only 5%. At least 20% is required.

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legone2008

楼上几位都没有认真看要求。
@2楼，3楼： 参数个数不定，参数值不定  
@4楼： 如果参数中包含#，sed就会出错， 如：/export/#home

laliheyi

回复 5# legone2008


    参数个数定不定有关系吗？参数数量与%s数量一致就足够了，有多少写多少

ly5066113

回复 5# legone2008


用2楼的方法吧，最简单：

1. $ cat test.sh
   
2. #! /bin/bash
   
3. 
   
4. str=printf
   
5. for i in "$@"
   
6. do
   
7.         str="$str '$i'"
   
8. done
   
9. eval $str
   
10. $
    
11. $ test.sh 'Insufficient free space in the %s  directory. The free space is only %s. At least %s is required.' /export/home 5% 20%
    
12. Insufficient free space in the /export/home directory. The free space is only 5%. At least 20% is required.

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Herowinter

回复 8# ly5066113
学习了，sed或awk确实绕弯了，
应该直接printf的。


   

rulebook

1. #!/bin/sh
   
2. [ "$1" == "" ] && echo "$1 is Null" && exit
   
3. 
   
4. [ `echo $(($#-1))` != `echo $1 | egrep -o "%s" | wc -l` ] && echo "\%s the wrong number!" && exit
   
5. 
   
6. eval echo $(echo $1 | awk '{for(i=1;i<='`echo $[$#-1]`';i++){sub(/%s/,"$"i+1)}}1')
   

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